齐普夫定律对方剂的适用性研究

doi:10.24920/004133

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的方剂应用在中国有数千年的历史。在组成方剂的数味中药中,有些中药为常用药,值得被进一步研究,但始终没有明确的界限区别常用药与不常用药。本研究旨在明确方剂中的中药分布是否符合齐普夫定律,并根据中药信息齐普夫分布情况,获得常用中药的分界临界值。
方法共采集84,418首方剂信息。首先预处理方剂中的中药信息,其次分析了中药的分布是否符合齐普夫定律及齐普夫分布,最后进行了线性拟合实验进一步证明中药的频次与排序之间是否存在关系。
结果方剂中的中药分布符合齐普夫定律及分布。本研究根据分布曲线获得了常用中药与不常用中药分界的临界值。
结论齐普夫定律适用于方剂信息的分析。

关键词: 齐普夫定律, 传统中药, 方剂

Abstract:

Objective Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions have been used to cure diseases in China for thousands of years, in which many TCM herbs have no definite common quantity. Some key TCM herbs are commonly used and thus deserve in-depth investigations based on a more acceptable classification method. This study analyzes whether TCM prescriptions follow Zipf’s law and attempts to obtain the thresholds of key TCM herbs based on the application of Zipf’s law.
Methods A total of 84,418 TCM prescriptions were collected and standardized. We tested whether Zipf’s law and Zipf’s distribution fit the Chinese herb distributions. A linear fitting experiment was performed to verify the relationship between the frequency distribution and frequency of TCM herbs.
Results The distribution of TCM herbs in TCM prescriptions conformed to Zipf’s law. Accordingly, the thresholds were obtained for the key TCM herbs.
Conclusion The distribution of TCM herbs in TCM prescriptions follows Zipf’s law.

Key words: Zipf’s law, traditional Chinese medicine, prescriptions, herb

基金资助: 中国中医科学院创新工程重大攻关项目“面向大数据的方药分解功效预测模型研究”(CI2021A00508)

Yuanbai Li, Yu Du, Fangzhou Liu, Yiying Zhang, Meng Li, Jing Wang, Yihao Li, Yang Yang. Applicability of Zipf’s Law in Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescriptions[J].Chinese Medical Sciences Journal, 2022, 37(3): 195-200.

图/表 6

This study		Result from CNKI Database survey
Sort No.	Key TCM herbs in this article	Sort No.	Chinese herb	Number of papers
1	甘草(licorice)	1	人参(Ginseng)	21,633
2	当归(Angelica sinensis Radix)	2	丹参(Paeoniae Radix Alba)	19,589
3	人参(Ginseng)	3	黄芪(Astragalus Radix)	19,320
4	茯苓(Smilax china)	4	甘草(Licorice)	18,806
5	肉桂(Cinnamon)	5	白及(Rhizoma bletillae)	17,122
6	白术(Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz)	6	大黄(Rhubarb)	15,878
7	川芎(Chuanxiong rhizoma)	7	黄芩(Scutellariae Radix)	14,368
8	陈皮(Tangerine peel)	8	当归(Angelica sinensis Radix)	12,984
9	防风(Saposhnikoviae Radix)	9	柴胡(Radix bupleuri)	10,271
10	黄芩(Scutellariae Radix)	10	黄连(Rhizoma Coptidis)	10,072
11	川木香(Vladimiriae Radix)	11	三七(Radix bupleuri)	9,126
12	大黄(Rhubarb)	12	芍药(Radix bupleuri)	9,100
13	黄连(Rhizoma Coptidis)	13	葛根(Radix Puerariae)	8,170
14	生地黄(Rehmanniae)	14	姜黄(Turmeric)	7,354
15	半夏(Pinellia)	15	半夏(Pinellia)	6,930
16	附子(Aconiti Lateralis Radix)	16	白术(Atractylodes macrocephala)	6,586
17	干姜(Zingiberis Rhizoma)	17	白芍(Paeoniae Radix Alba)	6,101
18	黄芪(Astragalus Radix)	18	苦参(Sophora flavescens)	6,091
19	麦冬(Ophiopogonis Radix)	19	桂枝(Cassia twig)	5,949
20	麝香(Musk)	20	麻黄(Ephedra)	5,932
21	白芍(Paeoniae Radix Alba)	21	五味子(Schisandra chinensis)	5,858
22	枳壳(Fructus Aurantii)	22	川芎(Ligusticum wallichii)	5,828
23	熟地黄(Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata)	23	附子(Aconiti Lateralis Radix)	5,814
24	桔梗(Platycodon grandiflorum)	24	红花(Carthamus tinctorius L)	5,773
25	柴胡(Radix Bupleuri)	25	淫羊藿(Epimedium)	5,712
26	朱砂(Cinnaba)	26	姜(Ginger)	5,680
27	羌活(Radix et Rhizoma Notopterygii)	27	苍术(Atractylodes)	4,984
28	白芷(Angelica Dahurica)	28	金银花(Lonicera japonica)	4,857
29	厚朴(Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis)	29	藜芦(Veratrum nigrum L)	4,757
30	槟榔(Betel nut)	30	党参(Codonopsis radix)	4,467
31	赤芍(Paeonia Lactiflora Pall)	31	栀子(Gardenia jasminoides Ellis)	4,296

参考文献 19

[1]	Pang JA. Scientometrics research methodology. Beijing: Scientific and Technical Documentation Press; 1999.
[2]	Li YB, Yang Y, Wang J, et al. Traditional Chinese Drug Database; 2010. Science Data Bank. http://zyygx.cintcm.ac.cn:9698/zyygx/
[3]	Li YB, Yang Y, Wang J, et al. Chinese Prescription Database. Data Bank. https://doi.org/10.12213/11.A0007.201905.000513.
[4]	Zhang JM, editor. Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor Plain Questions. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company; 2010.
[5]	Zhang ZJ. Treatise on exogenous febrile diseases. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House; 2005.
[6]	Sun SS. Prescriptions worth thousand gold. Beijing: China Health Media Group; 2011.
[7]	Zhang ZJ. Synopsis of the Golden Chamber. 15th. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House; 2005.
[8]	Zhu N. Puji Fang. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House; 1959.
[9]	Yang Y, Li YB. Analysis of ancient prescriptions characteristics of arthromyodynia. Chin J Tradit Chin Med Pharm 2018; 12:5605-5608. Chinese.
[10]	Li YB, Yang Y, Wang J, et al. Chinese Prescription Database [Internet]. Beijing: Library of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; c 2010 [updated 2022]. Available from: http://cintmed.cintcm.com/cintmed/main.html
[11]	Li YB, Yang Y. Traditional Chinese medicine scientific data. Beijing China Science Publishing & Media Ltd; 2016.
[12]	National Pharmacopoeia Commission. Chinese Pharmacopoeia. 2020th ed. Beijing: China Health Media Group; 2020.
[13]	Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Dictionary of traditional Chinese medicine. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers; 2006.
[14]	National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Chinese Materia Medica. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers; 1999.
[15]	Sun ZQ. Medical Statistics. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House; 2002.
[16]	Cui RY, Zhao X. On Zipf’s law in Korean language. J Chin Inf Processing 2017; 05:81-84+91. Chinese.
[17]	Sun QL. The Demarcation of high- and low-frequency terms and ways of estimating the frequency of terms. J Lib Sci Chin 1992; 2:78-81. Chinese. doi: 10.13530/j.cnki.jils.1992.02.019. doi: 10.13530/j.cnki.jils.1992.02.019
[18]	Wang RL. 500 flavors of commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House; 2011.
[19]	Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission. General Rules of the Four Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China. China Health Media Group; 2020.

Prescriptions No	Chinese name* of herbs	English name of herbs
1	熟地	Radix Rehmanniae Preparata
	山茱萸	Cornus
	山药	Dioscoreae rhizoma
	泽泻	Alismatis rhizoma
	丹皮	Cortex Moutan
	白茯苓	Smilax china
2	川芎	Chuanxiong rhizoma
	当归	Angelica sinensis Radix
	熟地	Radix Rehmanniae Preparata
	白芍	Paeoniae Alba Radix

Frequency level(r)	Herb name	Frequency (f)	C	Frequency probability (Pr)	Lgr	LgPr	LgC
1	甘草(Licorice)	23,387	0.04	0.04	0.00	-1.44	-1.40
2	当归(Angelica sinensis Radix)	16,454	0.05	0.03	0.30	-1.59	-1.30
3	人参(Ginseng)	13,540	0.06	0.02	0.48	-1.68	-1.22
4	茯苓(Smilax china)	10,761	0.07	0.02	0.60	-1.78	-1.15
5	肉桂(Cinnamon)	10,135	0.08	0.02	0.70	-1.81	-1.10
6	白术(Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz)	9,884	0.09	0.02	0.78	- 1.82	-1.05
7	川芎(Chuanxiong rhizoma)	9,773	0.11	0.02	0.85	-1.82	-0.96
8	陈皮(Tangerine peel)	8,808	0.11	0.01	0.90	-1.87	-0.96
9	防风(Saposhnikoviae radix)	8,210	0.11	0.01	0.95	-1.90	-0.96
10	黄芩(Scutellariae Radix)	7,834	0.12	0.01	1.00	-1.92	-0.92
11	川木香( Vladimiriae Radix)	6,846	0.12	0.01	1.04	-1.98	-0.92
12	大黄(Rhubarb)	6,787	0.13	0.01	1.08	-1.98	-0.89
13	黄连(Rhizoma Coptidis)	6,772	0.14	0.01	1.11	-1.98	-0.85
14	生地黄(Rehmanniae)	6,714	0.15	0.01	1.15	-1.98	-0.82
15	半夏(Pinellia)	6,587	0.15	0.01	1.18	-1.99	-0.82
16	附子(Aconiti Lateralis Radix)	5,652	0.14	0.01	1.20	-2.06	-0.85
17	干姜(Zingiberis Rhizoma)	5,513	0.14	0.01	1.23	-2.07	-0.85
18	黄芪(Astragalus Radix)	5,380	0.15	0.01	1.26	-2.08	-0.82
19	麦冬(Ophiopogonis Radix)	5,309	0.16	0.01	1.28	-2.09	-0.80
20	麝香(Musk)	5,128	0.16	0.01	1.30	-2.10	-0.80

优先出版

当期目次

过刊浏览

虚拟专题

作者中心

评阅者中心