FOR smear layer removal from root canal walls, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is an effective chelating agent and its efficiency depends upon a lot of factors such as concentration, pH, duration of application, the type of the solution, the root canal length, penetration depth of the material, and hardness of the dentin.The aim of this scanning electron microscopic study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 19% EDTA gel on smear layer removal at different time periods when used as a final step in the irrigation regime.