Chinese Medical Sciences Journal ›› 2022, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 103-117.doi: 10.24920/004066
• Original Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Association Between Lipid Profiles and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: New Evidence from a Retrospective Study
Xuewei Huang1, 5, Keqiong Deng2, 3, 4, Juanjuan Qin1, 5, Fang Lei5, 6, Xingyuan Zhang5, 6, Wenxin Wang1, 5, Lijin Lin1, 5, Yuming Zheng7, Dongai Yao8, Huiming Lu9, Feng Liu10, Lidong Chen11, Guilan Zhang12, Yueping Liu13, 14, Qiongyu Yang15, Jingjing Cai16, Zhigang She1, 5, *(
), Hongliang Li1, 3, 5, *()
- 1Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
2Department of Cardiology, Center Hospital of Huanggang, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, China
3Huanggang Institute of Translation Medicine, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, China
4Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
5Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan 430071, China
6School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
7Physical Examination Center, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430014, China
8Physical Examination Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
9General Medical Department, CR & WISCO General Hospital, Wuhan 430000, China
10Information Center, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan 430015, China
11Department of Medical Examination Center, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
12Department of Health Management, Xiaogan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
13Basic Medical Laboratory, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan 430070, China
14Hubei Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Tumor and Intervention, Wuhan 430070, China
15Chinese Medicine Center, Shiyan Renmin Hospital, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
16Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
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Received:2022-01-22Accepted:2022-03-01Published:2022-06-30Online:2022-03-02 -
Contact:Zhigang She,Hongliang Li E-mail:zgshe@whu.edu.cn;lihl@whu.edu.cn
Cite this article
Xuewei Huang, Keqiong Deng, Juanjuan Qin, Fang Lei, Xingyuan Zhang, Wenxin Wang, Lijin Lin, Yuming Zheng, Dongai Yao, Huiming Lu, Feng Liu, Lidong Chen, Guilan Zhang, Yueping Liu, Qiongyu Yang, Jingjing Cai, Zhigang She, Hongliang Li. Association Between Lipid Profiles and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: New Evidence from a Retrospective Study[J].Chinese Medical Sciences Journal, 2022, 37(2): 103-117.
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Figure 1.
Flowchart of participant inclusion and exclusion. TG: triglycerides; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ApoB: apolipoprotein B; ApoA-I: apolipoprotein A-I."
Figure 1.
Table 1.
Characteristics of the Beijing cross-sectional population [median (IQR)]"
| Items | Overall | Normal LV wall thickness | LV wall thickening | Z or χ2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 66,033 | 61,682 (93.40%) | 4,351 (6.60%) | ||
| Age (yrs) | 49 (43, 54) | 48 (43, 54) | 52 (47, 59) | 27.46 | <0.001 |
| Women [n (%)] | 23,118 (35.01) | 22,573 (36.60) | 545 (12.53) | 1,034.90 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.18 (22.97, 27.38) | 25.00 (22.83, 27.18) | 27.52 (25.61, 29.64) | 46.51 | <0.001 |
| Obesity [n (%)] | 11,512 (19.74) | 9,811 (18.02) | 1,701 (44.19) | 1,554.67 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 121 (109, 134) | 120 (108, 133) | 136 (125, 150) | 49.79 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension [n (%)] | 13,839 (23.51) | 11,808 (21.48) | 2,031 (52.25) | 1,911.29 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.75 (4.17, 5.39) | 4.75 (4.17, 5.39) | 4.79 (4.16, 5.46) | 2.12 | 0.034 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.06 (2.53, 3.61) | 3.06 (2.53, 3.61) | 3.07 (2.50, 3.63) | -0.81 | 0.417 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.17 (0.97, 1.41) | 1.17 (0.98, 1.42) | 1.06 (0.89, 1.26) | -24.86 | <0.001 |
| Non-HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.54 (2.95, 4.17) | 3.53 (2.94, 4.16) | 3.70 (3.10, 4.33) | 11.08 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.46 (1.01, 2.19) | 1.44 (0.99, 2.16) | 1.79 (1.27, 2.73) | 24.92 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol/HDL-c ratio | 4.05 (3.27, 4.97) | 4.02 (3.24, 4.93) | 4.50 (3.72, 5.40) | 23.44 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides/HDL-c ratio | 1.26 (0.76, 2.13) | 1.23 (0.74, 2.08) | 1.71 (1.06, 2.82) | 27.97 | <0.001 |
| Apolipoprotein B (g/L) | 0.91 (0.77, 1.07) | 0.91 (0.76, 1.06) | 0.94 (0.80, 1.10) | 9.64 | <0.001 |
| Apolipoprotein A-I (g/L) | 1.31 (1.16, 1.48) | 1.32 (1.16, 1.49) | 1.27 (1.13, 1.43) | -11.01 | <0.001 |
| ApoB/ApoA-I ratio | 0.70 (0.56, 0.85) | 0.69 (0.56, 0.84) | 0.74 (0.61, 0.88) | 14.30 | <0.001 |
| Lipoprotein(a) (mg/L) | 119.00 (45.60, 261.00) | 119.00 (45.30, 262.00) | 119.00 (50.00, 254.00) | -0.51 | 0.610 |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | 337.00 (274.00, 399.00) | 333.00 (271.00, 396.10) | 376.00 (321.00, 436.00) | 30.42 | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 5.60 (5.30, 5.90) | 5.50 (5.30, 5.90) | 5.80 (5.50, 6.40) | 29.43 | <0.001 |
| Fasting blood-glucose (mmol/L) | 5.30 (4.92, 5.86) | 5.28 (4.90, 5.81) | 5.77 (5.24, 6.75) | 36.27 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus [n (%)] | 10,284 (15.60) | 8,906 (14.46) | 1,378 (31.69) | 915.73 | <0.001 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 1.20 (0.70, 2.10) | 1.20 (0.70, 2.00) | 1.60 (0.90, 2.80) | 19.08 | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 147.00 (134.00, 157.00) | 146.00 (134.00, 157.00) | 152.00 (143.00, 160.00) | 22.72 | <0.001 |
| Red blood cell (×1012/L) | 4.77 (4.43, 5.09) | 4.76 (4.42, 5.09) | 4.92 (4.61, 5.19) | 19.80 | <0.001 |
| White blood cell (×109/L) | 5.87 (4.98, 6.92) | 5.85 (4.96, 6.90) | 6.15 (5.25, 7.20) | 12.15 | <0.001 |
| Alanine transaminase (IU/L) | 19.95 (14.10, 29.50) | 19.70 (13.90, 29.10) | 23.95 (17.10, 34.80) | 21.77 | <0.001 |
| Aspartate transaminase (IU/L) | 18.40 (15.40, 22.70) | 18.40 (15.40, 22.60) | 19.40 (16.10, 24.90) | 13.07 | <0.001 |
| GGT (IU/L) | 28.00 (17.00, 49.00) | 27.00 (16.30, 48.00) | 39.00 (25.00, 69.00) | 31.22 | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 67.00 (57.00, 77.00) | 67.00 (57.00, 77.00) | 71.00 (63.00, 80.00) | 20.65 | <0.001 |
| eGFR [ml/(min·1.73m2)] | 105.72 (95.24, 112.34) | 105.90 (95.81, 112.48) | 102.89 (81.83, 110.31) | -16.40 | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 45.00 (42.60, 47.30) | 45.00 (42.60, 47.30) | 45.20 (42.70, 47.20) | 1.30 | 0.194 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 5.00 (4.30, 5.90) | 5.00 (4.30, 5.90) | 5.30 (4.50, 6.20) | 16.41 | <0.001 |
| Platelet count (×109/L) | 220.00 (187.00, 256.00) | 220.00 (187.00, 257.00) | 209.00 (177.00, 244.00) | -13.53 | <0.001 |
| C-peptide (ng/ml) | 2.42 (1.88, 3.09) | 2.38 (1.85, 3.04) | 3.00 (2.39, 3.73) | 38.11 | <0.001 |
| Fasting insulin (mU/L) | 9.22 (6.38, 13.36) | 9.07 (6.28, 13.08) | 11.87 (8.29, 17.14) | 29.86 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.28 (1.48, 3.54) | 2.27 (1.47, 3.50) | 2.50 (1.63, 3.98) | 10.17 | <0.001 |
Table 1.
Figure 2.
Relationship between lipid profiles and cardiac hypertrophy in cross-sectional analysis. OR: odds ratio. The adjustment factors of logistic model include age, sex, BMI, systolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein, red blood cell count, alanine transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, ln(HOMA-IR), and the interaction between ln(HOMA-IR) and lipids."
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Relationship between lipid profiles and cardiac hypertrophy in cohort analysis. HR: hazard ratio. The adjustment factors of the Cox model include age, sex, BMI, systolic blood pressure, red blood cell count, alanine transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, ln(HOMA-IR), and the interaction between ln(HOMA-IR) and lipids."
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Risk of cardiac hypertrophy at different lipid concentrations. The adjustment factors include age, sex, BMI, systolic blood pressure, red blood cell count, alanine transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, ln(HOMA-IR), and the interaction between ln(HOMA-IR) and lipids."
Figure 4.
Table 2.
The final model determined by the forward stepwise selection (likelihood ratio) when different lipids were put into the Cox model together"
| Variables | HR (95%CI)a | P value |
|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) | 1.032 (1.017,1.046) | <0.001 |
| Sex (female/male) | 0.352 (0.239,0.519) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 1.124 (1.086,1.164) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 1.026 (1.020,1.033) | <0.001 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 1.099 (1.007,1.200) | 0.034 |
| Triglycerides | ||
| First tertile (≤1.18 mmol/L) | Reference | |
| Second tertile (1.18-1.92 mmol/L) | 1.827 (1.277,2.614) | 0.001 |
| Third tertile (≥1.92 mmol/L) | 1.904 (1.336,2.714) | <0.001 |
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