Chinese Medical Sciences Journal ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 13-19.doi: 10.24920/003552
• Original Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Li Zongbin, Liu Chunwei, Guo Jun, Shi Yajun, Li Yang, Wang Jinli, Wang Jing, Chen Yundai()
Received:
2019-04-29
Published:
2020-03-31
Online:
2020-01-20
Contact:
Chen Yundai
E-mail:cyundai@vip.163.com
Li Zongbin, Liu Chunwei, Guo Jun, Shi Yajun, Li Yang, Wang Jinli, Wang Jing, Chen Yundai. Early Warning of Acute Altitude Sickness by Physiological Variables and Noninvasive Cardiovascular Indicators[J].Chinese Medical Sciences Journal, 2020, 35(1): 13-19.
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Table 1
Physiological variables in healthy subjects at sea level and at high altitude§"
Variables | AMS (-) (n=54) | AMS (+) (n=52) | t value | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Blood routine tests | ||||
Red blood cell (109/L) | ||||
Sea level | 5.16±0.36 | 5.25±0.38 | -1.216 | 0.227 |
Altitude | 5.21±0.36 | 5.21±0.78 | -0.041 | 0.967 |
Hemoglobin (g/L) | ||||
Sea level | 155.4±8.89 | 157.9±9.05 | -1.396 | 0.166 |
Altitude | 161.4±8.63 | 163.6±8.19 | -1.341 | 0.183 |
Platelet (109/L) | ||||
Sea level | 227.6±48.8 | 222.6±37.6 | 0.578 | 0.565 |
Altitude | 231.3±45.6 | 220.8±47.1 | 1.152 | 0.252 |
White blood cell (109/L) | ||||
Sea level | 6.58±1.72 | 6.73±1.69 | -0.422 | 0.674 |
Altitude | 8.07±1.72 | 8.21±2.37 | -0.352 | 0.726 |
Hematocrit (%) | ||||
Sea level | 46.3±2.61 | 47.1±2.65 | -1.579 | 0.118 |
Altitude | 47.8±2.53 | 47.3±6.82 | -0.928 | 0.356 |
Eosinophil (109/L) | ||||
Sea level | 0.126±0.084 | 0.264±0.393 | -2.040 | 0.045# |
Altitude | 0.126±0.090 | 0.115±0.098 | 0.610 | 0.543 |
Blood biochemistry | ||||
Potassium (mmol/L) | ||||
Sea level | 4.13±0.30 | 4.11±0.30 | 0.317 | 0.752 |
Altitude | 4.08±0.33 | 4.16±0.33 | -1.315 | 0.191 |
Magnesium (mmol/L) | ||||
Sea level | 0.88±0.05 | 0.88±0.05 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
Altitude | 0.85±0.04 | 0.85±0.06 | 0.677 | 0.500 |
Chlorine (mmol/L) | ||||
Sea level | 99.8±2.81 | 98.8±2.40 | 1.855 | 0.067 |
Altitude | 102.7±1.66 | 102.4±1.89 | 0.661 | 0.510 |
C-reactive protein (g/L) | ||||
Sea level | 0.109±0.082 | 0.109±0.053 | -0.030 | 0.976 |
Altitude | 0.062±0.045 | 0.098±0.103 | -2.132 | 0.037* |
Creatinine (mmol/L) | ||||
Sea level | 77.2±9.53 | 77.4±9.53 | -0.093 | 0.926 |
Altitude | 77.7±11.2 | 85.1±12.9 | -3.162 | 0.002* |
Uric acid (mmol/L) | ||||
Sea level | 345.4±64.4 | 361.4±65.9 | -1.254 | 0.213 |
Altitude | 346.3±65.3 | 369.0±92.7 | -1.453 | 0.149 |
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | ||||
Sea level | 70.7±19.7 | 66.5±13.7 | 1.288 | 0.201 |
Altitude | 80.6±20.2 | 71.7±18.2 | 2.389 | 0.019* |
Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | ||||
Sea level | 189.1±54.4 | 179.8±27.2 | 1.104 | 0.272 |
Altitude | 188.1±43.9 | 176.5±24.9 | 1.685 | 0.095 |
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | ||||
Sea level | 17.6±5.37 | 19.8±6.74 | -1.858 | 0.066 |
Altitude | 17.3±3.95 | 19.7±6.72 | -2.231 | 0.028* |
Glucose (mmol/L) | ||||
Sea level | 4.93±0.44 | 4.87±0.41 | 0.526 | 0.600 |
Altitude | 5.43±0.57 | 5.59±0.83 | -1.098 | 0.275 |
Table 2
Noninvasive cardiovascular indicators at sea level and at high altitude between the two groups§"
Variables | AMS (-) (n=54) | AMS (+) (n=52) | t value | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Holter monitoring | ||||
Mean heart rate (beats/min) | ||||
Sea level | 70.8±9.20 | 72.0±8.11 | -0.719 | 0.474 |
Altitude | 79.2±8.83 | 81.1±9.37 | -1.068 | 0.288 |
PNN50 (%) | ||||
Sea level | 6.98±5.66 | 9.66±5.40 | -2.229 | 0.028# |
Altitude | 5.33±4.36 | 5.10±5.01 | 0.269 | 0.788 |
SDSD (ms) | ||||
Sea level | 50.6±20.7 | 55.5±20.5 | -1.179 | 0.241 |
Altitude | 47.6±33.9 | 43.6±24.6 | 0.680 | 0.498 |
SDNN (ms) | ||||
Sea level | 167.3±35.4 | 169.8±35.3 | -0.361 | 0.719 |
Altitude | 143.3±36.4 | 126.5±35.9 | 2.320 | 0.022* |
HRV Triangle Index | ||||
Sea level | 50.6±12.7 | 57.1±16.1 | -2.271 | 0.025# |
Altitude | 41.9±11.1 | 37.1±12.9 | 2.020 | 0.047* |
Treadmill tests | ||||
Exercise time (min) | ||||
Sea level | 514.2±94.7 | 488.8±56.1 | 1.389 | 0.170 |
Altitude | 428.6±69.1 | 431.4±59.5 | -0.218 | 0.828 |
Mets | ||||
Sea level | 10.1±0.23 | 10.0±0.42 | 0.630 | 0.531 |
Altitude | 9.21±1.59 | 9.20±1.18 | 0.028 | 0.977 |
Pre-exercise heart rate (beats/min) | ||||
Sea level | 85.9±14.8 | 84.0±15.6 | 0.532 | 0.596 |
Altitude | 90.2±13.5 | 95.0±13.1 | -1.836 | 0.069 |
Post-exercise heart rate (beats/min) | ||||
Sea level | 129.6±23.5 | 130.2±22.7 | -0.122 | 0.903 |
Altitude | 139.6±17.2 | 142.7±15.3 | -0.988 | 0.326 |
Echocardiogram | ||||
Pulmonary systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | ||||
Sea level | 21.7±7.01 | 20.1±7.12 | 1.146 | 0.255 |
Altitude | 20.6±9.82 | 20.8±9.71 | -0.083 | 0.934 |
Ejection time (ms) | ||||
Sea level | 289.8±45.1 | 279.8±42.9 | 1.134 | 0.259 |
Altitude | 313.8±48.9 | 276.9±50.8 | 3.641 | 0.001* |
TAPSE (mm) | ||||
Sea level | 23.2±3.19 | 22.0±2.66 | 1.998 | 0.048# |
Altitude | 22.8±3.24 | 22.6±3.73 | 0.316 | 0.753 |
Table 3
Results of multiple regression analysis"
Variables | Unstandardized coefficients | Standardized coefficients | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | Std. error | β | R2 | P value | ||
Constant | 3.783 | 1.165 | 0.140 | 0.002 | ||
Eosinophil | 5.038 | 1.909 | 0.281 | 0.066 | 0.010 | |
Alkaline phosphatase | -0.033 | 0.016 | -0.219 | 0.042 | 0.043 | |
PNN50 | 0.088 | 0.051 | 0.181 | 0.032 | 0.089 |
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