Chinese Medical Sciences Journal ›› 2021, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 323-332.doi: 10.24920/004007
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Hao Huang1, 4, Chaozong Liu2, Teng Yi3, Maryam Tamaddon2, Shanshan Yuan5, Zhenyun Shi4, *(), Ziyu Liu1, 2, 3, *()
Received:
2021-09-27
Published:
2021-12-31
Online:
2021-12-21
Contact:
Zhenyun Shi,Ziyu Liu
E-mail:shichong1983623@hotmail.com;liu_ziyu@buaa.edu.cn
Hao Huang, Chaozong Liu, Teng Yi, Maryam Tamaddon, Shanshan Yuan, Zhenyun Shi, Ziyu Liu. Substitution for In Vitro and In Vivo Tests: Computational Models from Cell Attachment to Tissue Regeneration[J].Chinese Medical Sciences Journal, 2021, 36(4): 323-332.
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Figure 1.
Schematic diagram of the whole process of bone tissue engineering. A. Bone tissue engineering scaffold implantation;[9] B. Blood filling after implantation;[9, 10] C. Cells adhesion;[11, 12] D. Blood coagulation;[10] E. Cell proliferation, differentiation and migration;[13] F. Formation of an organization.[9]"
Figure 2.
Dynamic conditions and results of Olivares et al.’s research.[6] A. Suspension process at a constant velocity of 1 mm/s, representation of area covered by the cells after last injection; the cells do not touch the scaffold wall. B. Dispersion of cells after oscillating fluid flow. C. Graphical representation of initial injection conditions and cycles repeating during 2 h of experimentation. Maximum mass flux corresponds to maximum fluid normal velocity of un=1 mm/s. D. Superior view of cells attached in the type I (top) and type G (bottom) scaffolds. The evolution of increment of cell numbers deposited in each time selected."
Figure 3.
Stanton-Rutland model proposed by Liu et al.[12] A. Impinge regimes definition. B. Cells growth on porous titanium matrix was examined by confocal microscopy, and the confocal image was further processed to determine the cells distribution. C. Predicted cell distribution during cell seeding process. From left to right represent the cells distribution at second one, two, three, four, five and six, respectively."
Figure 4.
The research of Pérez et al.[34] A. Possible position that daughter cells can occupy after mitosis. The distance between sites is only schematic; adjacent sites in the algorithm are considered to be exactly the diameter of a mesenchymal stem cell.[36] B. Possible position that daughter cells can occupy after mitosis with anisotropic proliferation direction (preferred direction is given by the arrow)."
Figure 5.
The research of Byrne et al.[8] A. Finite element model of a 50% porous scaffold with regular porosity (green). Only one-eighth needs to be modelled because of symmetry (yellow box). The cavity is initially occupied by granulation tissue (in red). B. Lattice generated for each granulation element to model cellular activity. C. Increasing lattice points to account for dissolution of scaffold material."
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