Objective To investigate the clinical neurological manifestations of Takayasu arteritis (TA). Methods A retrospective study was conducted with 63 consecutive TA cases admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2009 to May 2010. All the patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of TA by the American College of Rheumatology. Among the 63 TA patients

27 with neurological manifestations were included in the present study. All the patients were evaluated using standardized neurological examination

sonography

computed tomography (CT) angiography

and cerebral CT or magnetic resonance imaging. Results Dizziness and visual disturbance were the most common symptoms

which occurred in 20 (74.1%) and 16 (59.3%) patients respectively. Another common symptom was headache

observed in 15 (55.6%) patients. Six (22.2%) patients had suffered from ischemic stroke; 7 (25.9%) patients had epileptic seizures. Two (7.4%) patients were diagnosed as reversible posterior encephalopathy syndrome (RPES) based on typical clinical and imaging manifestations. Conclusions Neurological manifestations are common symptoms in TA patients in the chronic phase

including dizziness

visual disturbance

headache

ischemic stroke

seizures

and some unusual ones such as RPES. We suggested RPES be included into the differential diagnosis of acute neurological changes in TA.