Purpose. To study the interleukin 1 （IL-1）levels in aqueous humor after transscleral fixation of in- traocular lenses （IOLs） implantation in rabbits and discuss the effect of IL-1 on postoperative anterior ocular inflammation. Methods. Twenty-seven pigmented rabbits were divided into three groups: GI

transscleral fixation of posterior chamber （PC） IOLs implantation; G2

Lens of rabbits were removed without IOLs implanta- tion; G3

the control group

without surgical intervention. On the 1st

3rd

7th and 14th postoperative days

aqueous humor samples were obtained. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） colormetry was used to detected for the presence of IL-1. The data were analyzed by using analysis of variance of SAS soft ware. Results’ It was found that IL-1 level in aqueous humor was increased after transscleral fixation of I- OLs implantation

IL-1 level reached its maximum on the 14th postoperative days in the IOL implanted group. IL-1 levels on 1st

3rd

7th and 14th days postoperatively was significantly higher （P<0. 05） in I- OLs implanted group than that of only extracapsular lenses extraction but no IOLs implantation group and that of the none surgical intervention group. COnclusions.IL-1 levels increased had a close relationship with a specific response to IOL implanta- tion. The increase of IL-1 may be suggested as the principal mediators of immunological and inflammatory responses

so that may play critical role in anterior ocular inflammative response after IOL implantation.