Latest Issue
Volume 0 ， Issue 1 ， 2005
- Abstract：Objective To assess the significance of single fiber electromyography （SFEMG） in diagnosis of inflammatory myo-pathies and the correlation with other assistant examination findings. Methods SFEMG were recorded from the extensor digitorum communis of 34 patients with polymyositis or dermato-myositis and compared with the findings of routine electromyography （EMG）, serum creatine kinase （CK） determination, and muscle biopsy. Results SFEMG recordings in 34 patients were all abnormal. The prominent feature was markedly increased fiber density （FD） with normally or mildly increased jitter. FD ranged from 1.0 to 6.0 （2.34±0.43）. Jitter ranged from 5 to 78 μs （41.6±10.3 μs）. The potential pairs with jitter values greater than 55 μs ranged from 0% to 55% （7.7% ± 11.8%）. Block was detected at one recording site in only one patient. Routine EMG demonstrated myogenic lesions in only 24 patients （70.6%）. FD was a little higher in the normal-EMG subgroup or the neurogenic-EMG subgroup than myogenic-EMG subgroup but without statistical significance. Elevated CK levels were found in 75% patients （24/32）. FD in the normal CK subgroup was significantly higher than that in the elevated CK subgroup （2.62±0.40 vs. 2.28±0.40, P < 0.05）. Muscle pathologies were consistent with the diagnosis of myositis in 75% （15/20）.Conclusion SFEMG is of great value in the diagnosis and disease process understanding of inflammatory myopathies for the clinically suspected patients with normal routine EMG, CK levels, and muscle biopsies.Keywords：single fiber electromyography;polymyositis;dermatomyositis4|11|1Updated：2024-04-10
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PREVENTION OF PERICARDIAL CONSTRICTION BY TRANSCATHETER INTRAPERICARDIAL FIBRINOLYSIS WITH UROKINASE
Abstract：Objective To investigate whether intrapericardial urokinase irrigation along with pericardiocentesis could prevent peri-cardial constriction in patients with infectious exudative pericarditis. Methods A total of 94 patients diagnosed as infectious exudative pericarditis （34 patients with purulent pericarditis and 60 with tuberculous pericarditis, the disease courses of all patients were less than 1 month）, 44 males and 50 females, aged from 9 to 66 years （mean 45.4 ± 14.7 years）, were consecutively recruited from 1993 to 2002. All individuals were randomly given either intrapericardial urokinase along with conventional treatment in study group, or conventional treatment alone （including pericardiocentesis and drainage） in control group. The dosage of urokinase ranged from 200 000 to 600 000 U （mean 320 000 ± 70 000 U）. The immediate effects were detected by pericardiography with sterilized air and diatrizoate meglumine as contrast media. The long-term investigation depended on the telephonic survey and echocardiographic examination. The duration of following-up ranged from 8 to 120 months （mean 56.8 ± 29.0 months）. Results Percutaneous intrapericardial urokinase irrigation promoted complete drainage of pericardial effusion, signifi-cantly reduced the thickness of pericardium （from 3.1 ± 1.6 mm to 1.6 ± 1.0 mm in study group, P < 0.001; from 3.4 ± 1.6 mm to 3.2 ± 1.8 mm in control group, P > 0.05, respectively）, and alleviated the adhesion. Intrapericardial bleeding related to fibrinolysis was found in 6 of 47 patients with non-blood pericardial effusion and no systemic bleeding and severe puncture-related complication was observed. In follow-up, there was no cardiac death, and pericardial constriction events were observed in 9 （19.1%） of study group and 27 （57.4%） of control group. Cox analysis illustrated that urokinase could significantly reduce the occurrence of pericardial constriction （relative hazard coefficient = 0.185, P < 0.0001）. Conclusion The early employment of intrapericardial fibrinolysis with urokinase and pericardiocentesis appears to be safe and effective in preventing the development of pericardial constriction in patients with infectious exudative pericarditis.Keywords：pericarditis;intrapericardial fibrinolysis;urokinase;pericardiography4|20|1Updated：2024-04-10 -
- Abstract：Objective To evaluate surgical methods and results of extracardiac conduit total cavopulmonary anastomosis （EC-TCPA） without cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB）. Methods From May 2000 to April 2003, 11 patients with functional univentricle underwent off-pump EC-TCPA （no-CPB group）. Their postoperative outcome was retrospectively compared with a 17-patient group who underwent EC-TCPA with cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB group） over a concurrent time period. Results There was 1 operative death in no-CPB group and 2 in CPB group; early postoperative hemodynamics appe-ared to significantly improve in no-CPB group. Blood and platelet transfusions decreased and blood plasma transfusion significantly lowered in no-CPB group compared with CPB group （P = 0.036）. Postoperative courses of patients in no-CPB group were smooth and event free, and extubation time was substantially short. Intensive cares unit stay （P = 0.04） and hospital stay （P = 0.02） postoperation were significantly shorter, hospital costs were significantly reduced （P = 0.004） in no-CPB group compared with CPB group. Conclusions EC-TCPA without use of CPB is not a difficult procedure; the procedure results in improvement in postoperative hemodynamics, and decreased use of blood and blood products. It is a more efficient operation with more short recovery time and reduced hospital stay.Keywords：off-pump;total cavopulmonary anastomosis;congenital heart disease;surgical treatment4|10|0Updated：2024-04-10
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- Abstract：Objective To construct hu-PBL/SCID chimeras and to investigate the development of lymphoma and oncogenicity of the Epstein-Barr virus （EBV）. Methods Human peripheral blood lymphocytes （PBLs） were isolated from healthy adult donors and transplanted intraperitoneally into severe combined immunodeficient（SCID） mice. Mice with hu-PBL engraftment from healthy EBV seronegative donors were injected intraperitoneally with EBV-containing supernatant from suspension culture of B95-8 cell line （active infection）, whereas mice receiving lymphocytes from healthy EBV seropositive donors were not re-infected with B95-8 derived EBV （latent infection）. Pathological examination and molecular analysis were performed on experime-ntal animals and induced neoplasms. Results In the early stage of this experiment, 12 mice died of acute graft-versus-host disease, mortality was 34.3% （12/35 mice） with an average life span of 17.5 days. In 19 survival hu-PBL/SCID chimeric recipients from 12 healthy donors, tumor incidence was 84.2% （16/19 mice）. The average survival time of tumor-bearing mice was 65.5 days. EBV-related neoplasms in SCID mice were nodular tumors with aggressive and fatal features. Histological morphology of tumors exhibited diffuse large cell lymphomas. Immunohistochemistry revealed that LCA （CD45） and L26 （CD20） were positive, but both PS1 （CD3） and UCHL-1 （CD45RO） were negative, and EBV products ZEBRA, LMP1, and EBNA2 were expressed in a small number of tumor cells. EB virus particles were seen in the nuclei of some tumor cells by electron microscopy, and EBV DNA could be amplified in the tumor tissues by PCR. In situ hybridization indicated that the nuclei of tumor cells contained human-specific Alu sequence. Conclusions EBV-induced tumors were human B-cell malignant lymphomas. We obtained direct causative evidence dealing with EBV-associated tumor deriving from normal human cells.Keywords：lymphoma;Epstein-Barr virus;oncogenicity;SCID mouse4|22|8Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To investigate whether somatostatin analog octreotide long acting release （LAR） shrinks growth hormone （GH） secreting adenomas, and improves the results of subsequent transsphenoidal surgery. Methods Seventeen previously untreated active acromegalic patients with pituitary adenomas were treated with LAR （30 mg intramuscular injection every 28 days） for 3 months prior to transsphenoidal surgery. Clinical reaction, mean GH secretion, and tumor volume were measured under basal conditions and after LAR treatment. Results Presurgical treatment improved acromegaly symptoms and induced a significant reduction of GH under the 5 ng/mL limit in microadenoma （P < 0.05）, while only 18.2% （2/11） in macroadenoma. Meanwhile, tumor shrinkage occurred in 58.8% （10/17） patients, with 1 case in the microadenoma group. All marked shrinkage （> 25%） occurred in the macroadenoma group. Statistical analysis showed tumor shrinkage caused by LAR was greater in macroadenoma group than that in microadenoma group （P < 0.05）. During operation, adenoma was soft in 15 cases, with the exception of 2 cases in which the soft tumor was divided by fibrous septa, but all tumor removal was smooth. Conclusions A short term administration of preoperative LAR may induce a significant decrease in GH-secretion level and adenoma volume. Presurgical use of octreotide LAR improves surgical results especially in macroadenomas.Keywords：pituitary adenoma;somatostatin analog;transsphenoidal surgery4|20|5Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To explore the effects of SDS, PBS re-dissolvent solutions on fluorescence values of radioallergosorbent test （RAST） inhibition. Methods Dermatophagoides pterronyssinus allergen immunoCAP and UniCAP 100 System were used. The Sera Pool consisted of 20 Dermatophagoides pterronyssinus allergic patients sera, their specific IgE fluorescence values were between 12 505 and 24 776. Results Fluorescence value percentages decreased: 62.9%, 54.1%, 43.5%, 6.7%, 3.7%, 2.6%, 2.2%, and 1.4% respectively, when SDS concentrations were at 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.025%, and 0.01%. Fluorescence values decreased more than 5% with SDS concentrations equal to 0.25% or higher. PBS in 0.1 and 0.01 mol/L concentrations decreased fluorescence values 2.9% and 0.9% respectively. Conclusions SDS is a commonly used surfactants in allergen extract and re-dissolvent prepared allergen precipitation for RAST inhibition. Thus effects of surfactants （e.g. SDS） upon the RAST inhibition tests must be considered when they were used as re-dissolvent agents to improve protein resolution in RAST inhibition.Keywords：Dermatophagoides pterronyssinus;radioallergosorbent test inhibition;allergen4|22|0Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To evaluate the prevalence of rhodopsin （RHO） mutations and the genotype-phenotype relationships in Chinese patients with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa （ADRP） by conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis （CSGE） and direct DNA sequencing. Methods We have screened the five coding exons and splice sites of RHO gene in 27 probands who had no relativity from Chinese ADRP families and 100 normal controls to identify disease-associated mutations, using CSGE and direct DNA sequencing. Family members of some probands with disease-associated mutations were also genotyped to determine whether the RHO mutations segregated with retinitis pigmentosa （RP） in their families. Results Two RHO mutations, Pro347Leu and Pro327 （1-bp del）, were identified separately in two families, thus the frequency of RHO mutations among this set of Chinese ADRP families is about 7.4% （2/27）. Pro347Leu mutation was found in one ADRP proband as well as three her children who also had RP. She had relatively early onset at about 17 years. The only one child without this mutation had no symptom or sign of RP at age of 34. Pro327 （1-bp del） was identified in a late-onset ADRP patient, who appeared night blindness around 30 years old and in her fifties electroretinogram （ERG） has been flat in both scotopic and photopic phases. Family analysis showed that this mutation also existed in her younger dau-ghter and her elder sister, both of them also had RP. Three other family members were genotypically and phenotypically normal. Neither of the two mutations was detected in 100 normal controls.Conclusions The frequency of RHO mutations in Chinese patients was lower than that in Europe and North America. The phenotype of the patients with Pro347Leu corresponded to type 1 ADRP, with severe rod degeneration and some cone preservation later, while the phenotype of the patients carrying Pro327 （1-bp del） corresponded to type 2 ADRP, with a concomitant loss of rod and cone visual function. CSGE was found to be a sensitive, simple, and practical method for the screening of a large number of samples under highly reproducible conditions, and could be utilized in routine molecular diagnostic laboratories.Keywords：autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa;rhodopsin mutation;conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis4|23|11Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To estimate the frequency of various risk factors for overall stroke and to identify risk factors for cerebral infarction （CI） versus intracerebral hemorrhage （ICH） in a large hospital-based stroke registry. Methods Data from a total of 3901 patients, consisting of 3525 patients with CI and 376 patients with ICH were pros-pectively coded and entered into a computerized data bank. Results Hypertension and smoking were the most prominent factors affecting overall stroke followed by mild internal carotid artery stenosis （< 50%）, hypercholesterolemia, transient ischemic attacks （TIAs）, diabetes mellitus, and cardiac ischemia. Univariate analysis showed that factors in male significantly associated with CI versus ICH were old age, a family history of stroke, and intermittent claudication; whereas in female the factors were oral contraception and migraine. By multivariate analysis, in all patients, the factors significantly associated with CI as opposed to ICH were smoking, hyperch-olesterolemia, migraine, TIAs, atrial fibrillation, structural heart disease, and arterial disease. Hypertension was the only significant factor related with ICH versus CI.Conclusions The factors for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke are not exactly the same. Cardiac and arterial disease are the most powerful factors associated with CI rather than ICH.Keywords：stroke registry;heart disease;arterial disease;risk factors4|22|15Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of operative laparoscopy for ectopic pregnancy with hypovolemic shock. Methods Two hundred and fifteen women with ectopic pregnancy underwent operative laparoscopy. These patients were divided into two groups. The study group included 21 patients with shock and intraperitoneal hemorrhage more than 1000 mL, and control group included 194 patients, hemodynamically stable, with blood loss less than 1000 mL. Clinical data of perio-perative periods in two groups were retrospectively analyzed. Results All patients were tubal pregnancies. The occurrence rate of tubal rupture was higher in study group than in control group （80.95% vs. 15.98%, P < 0.001）. Intraabdominal blood loss was significantly higher in study group than in control group （1900 mL vs. 300 mL, P < 0.001）, and autologous blood transfusions were given to 95.24% and 9.3% of patients in study and control group, respectively （P < 0.001）. Laparoscopic salpingectomy was performed on 85.7 % and 50.5% of patients in study and control group （P < 0.001）. The operative time was somewhat longer in study group than that in control group （60 minutes vs. 45 minutes）, but with no significant difference. All patients had no perioperative complications. Conclusion Operative laparoscopy in patients with hopovolemic shock can be safely and effectively performed by experi-enced laparoscopists with the aid of optimal anesthesia, advanced cardiovascular monitoring, and autologous blood transfusion.Keywords：laparoscopic surgery;ectopic pregnancy;hypovolemic shock;gynecologic surgical procedures4|17|7Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To evaluate efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type B （BTX-B） in treatment of movement disorders including blepharospasm, oromandibular dystonia, hemifacial spasm, tremor, tics, and hypersecretory disorders such as sia-lorrhea and hyperhidrosis. Methods A retrospective study of BTX-B injections in treatment of 58 patients with various neurological disorders was performed. The mean follow-up time was 0.9 ± 0.8 years. Results of the first and last treatment of patients with at least 3 injection sessions were compared. Results The response of 58 patients to a total of 157 BTX-B treatment sessions was analyzed. Of the 157 treatment sessions, 120 sessions （76.4%） resulted in moderate or marked improvement while 17 sessions （10.8%） had no response. The clinical benefits after BTX-B treatment lasted an average of 14 weeks. Of the 41 patients with at least 3 injection ses-sions （mean 10 ± 8.6）, most patients needed increased dosage upon the last session compared to the first session. Nineteen patients （32.8%） with 27 sessions （17.2%） reported adverse effects with BTX-B treatment. Conclusions Though most patients require increased dosage to maintain effective response after repeated injections, BTX-B is an effective and safe treatment drug for a variety of movement disorders, as well as drooling and hyperhidrosis.Keywords：botulinum toxin type B;movement disorders;sialorrhea4|15|4Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To evaluate the expression and function activity of P-glycoprotein （P-gp） in human mononuclear cells （MNCs） in vitro transfected by multidrug resistance-1（MDR1） mRNA. Methods Two MDR1 cDNA vectors, pT7TSMDR1 and pGEM5Zf（+）MDR1, were constructed and transcripted in vitro. Vector pGEM5Zf（+）MDR1 only contained the coding region of mdr1 cDNA, and pT7TSMDR1 also included Xeponus β-globin 5’ and 3’ untranslated region. MNCs were prepared from peripheral blood of parvicellular lung cancer patient. The two human mdr1 mRNAs were then transferred into human MNCs in vitro by DOTAP. And the expression efficiency and pump function of P-gp were measured with flow cytometry. Results Expression of P-gp significantly elevated in both transferred cells compared with untransferred cells （P < 0.01）. And pT7TSMDR1 showed higher capability in elevating the expression of P-gp than pGEM5Zf（+）MDR1 （P < 0.01）. The P-gp function was elevated in both pT7TSMDR1 and pGEM5Zf（+）MDR1 groups. The survival ratio of MNCs in erythrocyte-lysis-solution （ELS, 86.07%） and lymphocyte-isolation-solution （LIS, 83.67%） had no significant difference. The CD34+ cells content of the MNCs used for transfection was 2.65% and 1.01% in ELS and LIS group, respectively （P < 0.01）.Conclusions It is a feasible approach to improve P-gp expression in human MNCs by transfection of MDR-1 mRNA. And the ELS may be more suitable for purifing MNCs for mRNA transfection than LIS.Keywords：multidrug resistance gene;transfection;mononuclear cells;mRNA4|13|2Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To observe the effects of retinoic acid （RA） on the proliferation and differentiation of a human ovarian carcino-ma cell line: 3AO cells. Methods 3AO cell proliferation was evaluated by viable cell count, percentage of cells in each cycle phase were analyzed by flow cytometric analysis, alkaline phosphatase （AKP） activity was determined as described , and CA125 expression was measured by ELISA. Results RA could inhibit the proliferation of 3AO cells accompanied with morphological changes in a dose-dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis indicated that RA inhibition of 3AO cells growth occurred through induction of G1 arrest with a concomitant reduction in the proportion of cells in S phase, AKP activity increased significantly after treatment with RA（0.1 μmol/L） for 1-5 days. Dose-response studies revealed that the AKP activity increased to a different extent as a function of RA concentrations. Furthermore, RA could suppress the expression of CA125 tumor marker in 3AO cells.Conclusion RA could markedly inhibit the proliferation and induce the differentiation of 3AO cells. for 1-5 days. DoseKeywords：retinoic acid;ovarian carcinoma;alkaline phosphatase;tumor marker antigen4|12|4Updated：2024-04-10
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- Abstract：Objective To evaluate the effects of acute glucose level changes on expression of prepro-orexin, orexin 1 receptor （OX1R） and orexin 2 receptor （OX2R） mRNA in rat hypothalamus tissue and pancreatic islets cells. Methods Thirty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three equal groups （n = 10）. The acute hypoglycemia rat model was induced by a single subcutaneous injection of insulin. Twenty acute hypoglycemia rats were divided into group B and group C. Group B was allowed to eat freely, while group C was food-deprived. Control rats were injected the same volume of saline. The effect of glucose levels （2.8 mmol/L and 8.3 mmol/L） on pancreatic islet cell orexin system was detected in pancreas islet cell cultured in vitro. The expression of prepro-orexin and OXR mRNA was examined in rat hypothalamus tissue and pancreatic islets cell cultured in vitro using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Results Expression of orexin mRNA increased about 150% for the food-deprived hypoglycemia rats in comparison with control group （P < 0.01）, whereas expression of OX1R mRNA decreased up to 30% （P < 0.01）. However, expression of OX2R mRNA was unchanged in comparison with control group. In vitro, after incubation with 2.8 mmol/L glucose for 6 hours, the expression of prepro-orexin mRNA increased 2 times in rat pancreas islet cells in comparison with 8.3 mmol/L glucose group （P < 0.01）. But the expression of OX1R mRNA was not sensitive to acute glucose fluctuation.Conclusions Orexin in rat hypothalamus is stimulated by decline in blood glucose and inhibited by signals related to feeding. Moreover, glucose plays a role in modulating the gene expression of prepro-orexin in rat pancreatic islet cells.Keywords：orexin;hypoglycemia;hypothalamus;pancreatic islets cell;receptor4|37|2Updated：2024-04-10
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APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES
Abstract：Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of lornoxicam, one non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug （NSAID） in patient-controlled analgesia （PCA） in patients undergoing abdominal surgeries. Methods Thirty-nine patients scheduled for abdominal surgeries were randomly assigned to different PCA treatment groups using either lornoxicam or fentanyl postoperatively. Pain intensity difference （PID） and sum of pain intensity difference （SPID） were used to assess the analgesic efficacy of both drugs during a 24-hour period. Results The analgesic efficacy of lornoxicam is 1/66 of fentanyl, which was shown by SPID value of 3.250 and 3.058, respectively （P > 0.05）. Lornoxicam caused fewer adverse events than fentanyl （33% vs. 68%, P < 0.05）. Conclusion In clinic, we can use lornoxicam to treat postoperative pain effectively and with less adverse reactions com-pared with fentanyl.Keywords：lornoxicam;fentanyl;patient-controlled analgesia4|19|15Updated：2024-04-10 - Abstract：Objective To investigate the relationship between vascular endothelial dysfunction and serum homocysteine （HCY） level in patients with coronary lesions. Methods Serum HCY, serum nitric oxide （NO）, plasma endothelin-1 （ET-1）, and circulation endothelial cell （CEC） were measured in 76 patients who received coronary angiography. Fifty-four patients with a stenosis of 50% or more at least in one coronary atery were as coronary artery disease （CAD） group. Other 22 cases with no recognizable plaque and/or stenosis were as control group. HCY level was detected using an enzyme immunoassay kit. NO concentration was measured using a nitrate reductase kit. Radio-immunoassay was applied to analyse the ET-1 level, and CEC was measured by flow cytometry. Results The levels of HCY, ET-1, and CEC in patients with coronary lesions were significantly increased in comparison with control group （P < 0.01）, while NO level in CAD group was significantly lower compared with that in control （P < 0.01）. Using a multivariate stepwise regression analysis, HCY level had a positive correlation with ET-1 level （r = 0.420, P < 0.05） and CECs number （r = 0.423, P < 0.05）; and had a negative correlation with NO/ET-1 （r = -0.403, P < 0.05）. But there was no significant correlation between HCY and NO levels. Conclusions HCY might lead to endothelial cell injury, which would provide a plausible mechanism for the relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and development of coronary artery disease. HCY can be considered as a predictor for preli-minary or active coronary lesion.Keywords：homocysteine;endothelial cell;coronary arterial disease4|8|14Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To investigate the effects of prostaglandin E1 （PGE1） on the progression of aristolochic acid nephropathy （AAN）. Methods Twenty-four patients diagnosed as AAN with serum creatinine （Scr） between 1.5 mg/dL and 4 mg/dL during September 2001 to August 2003 were randomly divided into 2 groups. All patients had ingested long dan xie gan wan con-taining aristolochic acid （0.219 mg/g） for at least 3 months. Twelve patients were injected with Alprostadil （10 μg/d for 10 days in one month, summing up to 6 months）. Except for PGE1, the other therapy was same in both groups. Renal function was assessed using reciprocal serum creatinine levels （1/Scr）. Results The level of Scr and serum hemoglobin （Hgb） was similar in both groups prior to therapy. During follow-up, 1/Scr levels in PGE1 group were significantly higher than control group （P < 0.01）, and Hgb levels in PGE1 group were sig-nificantly increased compared with control （P < 0.05）.Conclusion PGE1 can slow the progression of renal failure and increase Hgb level of AAN patient.Keywords：prostaglandin E1;aristolochic acid nephropathy;serum creatinine;hemoglobin4|21|4Updated：2024-04-10
- Keywords：epidural anesthesia;postoperative analgesia;ropivacaine mesylate;ropivacaine hydrochloride4|15|1Updated：2024-04-10
- Keywords：pancreatic tumor;cardiac involvement;intracavitary metastasis4|11|0Updated：2024-04-10
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