Latest Issue
Volume 0 ， Issue 2 ， 2005
- Abstract：Objective To analyze the trends of case detection and other indicators of leprosy in China during 1985-2002. Methods Data reported by each province were collected by China National Leprosy Database in Nanjing P.R.China. All data about registered cases were put into computer for analysis. Results From 1985 to 2002, a total of 49 477 leprosy new cases had been detected. Among them, 69.5% were multi- bacillary cases and 25.4% had grade 2 disability. The child cases aged below 15 years accounted for 3.74% of total cases. Totally, 5824 cases and 303 cases relapsed after dapsone （DDS） mono-therapy and multidrug therapy （MDT）, respectively. Case detection showed a marked reduction from 0.47/100 000 in 1985 to 0.18/100 000 in 1993 although there were several spurts due to operational factors. From 1994, case detection showed no significant decline. The grade 2 disability among new patients decreased from 31.4% in 1985 to 23.4% in 2002. The child case detection rate among new cases fluctuated between 2.70%-3.56% from 1999 to 2002. The incidence of relapse declined after the introduction of DDS mono-therapy. However, it increased after the introduction of MDT. Conclusion China experiences in leprosy control show that it will take a long time with continuing present leprosy control activities to bring down the case detection and other indicators to a very low level even after reaching the elimina- tion goal of leprosy.Keywords：leprosy;epidemiology;case detection4|16|2Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To investigate effect of inhibiting melatonin biosynthesis on activities of protein kinase A （PKA）, glycogen synthase kinase-3 （GSK-3） and tau phosphorylation at PS214 and M4 epitopes using haloperidol, a specific inhibitor of 5-hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase. Methods Brain ventricular and intraperitoneal injections were used for haloperidol administration, Western blots for tau phosphorylation, 32P-labeling for PKA and GSK-3 activity, and high performance liquid chromatograph for detection of serum melatonin levels. Results Haloperidol injection through the lateral ventricle and intraperitoneal reinforcement significantly stimulated PKA activity with a concurrent hyperphosphorylation of tau at M4 （Thr231/Ser235） and PS214 （Ser214） sites. Prior treatment of the rats using melatonin supplement for one week and reinforcement during the haloperidol administration arrested PKA activity and attenuated tau hyperphosphorylation. GSK-3 activity showed no obvious change after haloperidol injection, however, melatonin supplements and reinforcements during haloperidol infusion inactivated basal activity of GSK-3. Conclusion Decreased melatonin may be involved in Alzheimer-like tau hyperphosphorylation, and overactivation of PKA may play a crucial role in this process.Keywords：Alzheimer’s disease;haloperidol;melatonin;tau;protein kinase A4|36|3Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To retrospectively analyze the relationship between curve types and clinical results in surgical treatment of scoliosis in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 （NF-1）. Methods Forty-five patients with scoliosis resulting from NF-1 were treated surgically from 1984 to 2002. Mean age at operation was 14.2 years. There were 6 nondystrophic curves and 39 dystrophic curves depended on their radiographic featu- res. According to their apical vertebrae location, the dystrophic curves were divided into three subgroups: thoracic curve （apical vertebra at T8 or above）, thoracolumbar curve （apical vertebra below T8 and above L1）, and lumber curve （apical vertebra at L1 and below）. Posterior spine fusion, combined anterior and posterior spine fusion were administrated based on the type and location of the curves. Mean follow-up was 6.8 years. Clinical and radiological manifestations were investigated and results were assessed. Results Three patients with muscle weakness of low extremities recovered entirely. Two patients with dystrophic lum- bar curve maintained their low back pain the same as preoperatively. The mean coronal and sagittal Cobb’s angle in nondy- strophic curves was 80.3o and 61.7o before operation, 30.7o and 36.9o after operation, and 32.9o and 42.1o at follow-up, respectively. In dystrophic thoracic curves, preoperative Cobb’s angle in coronal and sagittal plane was 96.5o and 79.8o, postoperative 49.3o and 41.7o, follow-up 54.1o and 45.3o, respectively. In thoracolumbar curves, preoperative Cobb’s angle in coronal and sagittal plane was 75.0o and 47.5o, postoperative 31.2o and 22.8o, follow-up 37.5o and 27.8o, respectively. In lumbar curves preoperative Cobb’s angle in coronal plane was 55.3o, postoperative 19.3o, and follow-up 32.1o. Six patients with dystrophic curves had his or her curve deteriorated more than 10 degrees at follow-up. Three of them were in the thoracic subgroup and their kyphosis was larger than 95 degrees, and three in lumbar subgroup. Hardware failure occurred in 3 cases. Six patients had 7 revision procedures totally. Conclusions Posterior spinal fusion is effective for most dystrophic thoracic curves in patients whose kyphosis is less than 95 degrees. Combined anterior and posterior spinal fusion is stronger recommended for patients whose kyphosis is larger than 95 degrees and those whose apical vertebra is located below T8. Patients should be informed that repeated spine fusion might be necessary even after combined anterior and posterior spine fusion.Keywords：neurofibromatosis scoliosis;spinal fusion;kyphosis;combined anterior and posterior operation4|24|4Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To investigate the stratification risk of catecholamines-β-adrenoceptor （β-AR）-cAMP pathway for cardiogenic death events in patients with congestive heart failure （CHF）. Methods A total of 83 identified CHF patients with a baseline and follow-up plasma levels of norepinephrine （NE） and epinephrine （E）, lymphocytes β-AR density （Bmax）, and intralymphocyte cAMP content in peripheral blood were followed up. Major cardiogenic death events were registered. Results The period between the initial entry and the last follow-up measurement were 51±16 months, the total duration of clinical follow-up after the last measurement were 14±8 months. During follow-up, 39 patients died of cardiogenic （sudden death 17 patients, worsening heart failure 22 patients）. Persistence of high NE, E, and cAMP from baseline to follow-up were confirmed as risk predicting factors of cardiovascular events. Persistence NE above 4.0 nmol/L, E above 3.5 nmol/L, and the intralymphocyte cAMP content above 3.5 pmd·mg-1·pro-1 from baseline to follow-up were significant adverse prognostic predictors. The major cardiogenic death events rates per 100 patients-years were 1.33 and 4.82 in patients with NE below and above 4.0 nmol/L （HR: 2.91; 95% CI: 1.08-7.33; P = 0.015）; were 1.42 and 4.36 in the patients with E levels below and above 3.5 nmol/L （HR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.02-6.41; P = 0.019）; were 1.81 and 4.67 in the patients with the intralymphocyte cAMP content below and above 3.5 pmd·mg-1·pro-1 （HR: 2.79; 95% CI: 1.04-6.83; P = 0.017）, but difference was not significant between the β-AR density below and above median. Conclusions Persistent increase in circulating catecholamines and intralymphocyte cAMP content may increase the long-term mortality in CHF patients.Keywords：heart failure;catecholamine;β-adrenoceptor;cyclic adenosine monophosphate4|13|0Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To estimate the effect of two simple filters, two or more positive peptide filter and Unified Score filter on the true positive rate of protein and peptide. Methods Twenty-two LC-MS/MS datasets were from 18 known protein mixture. Two or more positive peptide filter and Unified Score filter were applied to the 22 datasets. The filters effect was evaluated according to the true positive rate of protein and peptide for each filter. Results The positive rates of protein and peptide from two or more peptide filter raised from 56.49% to 92.86%-99.12% （for protein） and from 90.67% to 97.74%-99.62% （for peptide）, but many positive proteins were filtered out. The positive rates of protein and peptide from Unified Score （ThermoFinnigan value 2400） were only about 35.51% and 82.99%, but after adjusted the value （3900） according to the number of false positive peptide, those positive rate raised to 63.61% （for protein） and 91.97% （for peptide）. Conclusions Two or more peptides requirement could significantly decrease false positive rate, but it also may filter out many true positive proteins especially low molecular weight and less abundant proteins. Unified Score may be a better filter than Xcorr and DeltaCn combination and the value of 3900 is found to be more suitable for this particular datasets.Keywords：SEQUEST;Xcorr filter;Unified Score;two-or more-peptide filter4|31|1Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To analyze the relationship between tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNFα） gene promoter -308 polymorphism and myasthenia gravis （MG） in Chinese and analyze secretion of TNFα in peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC） in MG patients. Methods A biallelic polymorphism at position -308 in the promoter of TNFα gene was screened by PCR amplification and NcoI recognition site. One hundred and twenty-three MG cases and 115 healthy controls were included in this study. MG patients were classified to different groups according to clinical type, age at onset, and sex respectively. PBMC were isolated from 20 patients and 20 healthy controls, and then cultured in the presence or absence of phytohemag- glutinin （PHA） and acetycholine receptors （AchR）. The supernatants were harvested after incubation and stored until TNFα was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The frequency of TNFα-308 allele 2 （A） was found significantly increase in MG patients and showed a trend especially in late onset （≥ 40 years） and male patients （P < 0.05）. The allele A had no relationship with thymic pathogenesis in MG patients. But frequency of allele A was significantly higher in general type than in ocular type （P < 0.05）. MG patients had a higher inducible level of TNFα by PHA and AchR, and could be down regulated after treatment. Conclusion Polymorphism in TNFα gene promoter -308 is associated with onset of MG. The microsatellite allele TNFα2 confer risk for the development of MG in Chinese patients. MG patients have a higher inducible level of TNFα.Keywords：myasthenia gravis;tumor necrosis factor;allele;polymorphism4|11|12Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To investigate the relationship between insulin resistance and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with potential hyperglycemia. Methods A total of 221 patients were recruited among those with potential hyperglycemia. All participants underwent physical examination, medical history interview, and 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Venous blood was sampled for measurement of insulin and cholesterol levels. The intima-media thickness （IMT） in bilateral common carotid arteries was observed by B-mode ultrasound. Insulin resistance index was calculated by homeostasis model assessment （HOMA-IR）. Subjects were stratified in quintiles according to HOMA-IR values. Risk factors and atherosclerotic parameters were analyzed. Results With HOMA-IR value increase, incidence of impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary artery disease increased, the levels of triglyceride （TG）, low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）, fasting plasma glucose, 2 hour plasma glucose, and fasting insulin increased as well, while the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） decreased. Meanwhile, all atherosclerotic parameters increased. Multivariate regression analysis showed that TG, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C levels, and ln（HOMA-IR） were related to IMT, hence were risk factors for IMT increase. Conclusion Insulin resistance is implicated in atherogenesis.Keywords：insulin resistance;atherosclerosis;carotid artery4|36|10Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of atherosclerosis that related to age. Methods Immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot were adopted to determine the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） and expression of platelet-derived growth factor B （PDGF-B） in smooth muscle cells （SMCs） co-cultured with low density lipoprotein （LDL）, oxidized LDL （ox-LDL）, and ox-LDL+high density lipoprotein （HDL） originated from rats of 2 and 10 months old respectively. Fat stain was used to identify the lipid intake in SMCs. Results The optimal stimulation time of ox-LDL to SMCs was 12 hours. NF-κB intensity increased in most nuclei of SMCs that originated from rats of either 2 or 10 months old co-cultured with ox-LDL. The intensity of NF-κB and the amount of intracellular lipid taken in SMCs were more obvious in cells from 10-month-old rats than from the younger ones. Change of PDGF-B expression in SMCs was not remarkable in each group of rats. Conclusions The 10-month-old rats are more susceptive to ox-LDL than 2-month-old rats in activating nuclear transloca- tion of NF-κB. Maybe this is one of the important reasons contributing to the difference between the older and younger rats on the initiation and development of atherosclerosis lesion. Expression of PDGF-B is not associated with the activity of nuclear translocation of NF-κB.Keywords：oxidized low density lipoprotein;nuclear factor-kappa B;platelet-derived growth factor B;smooth muscle cell4|22|5Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To study the outcome of tension-free vaginal tape （TVT） for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence （SUI） in women with cystocele. Methods Forty-two patients with SUI confirmed by urodynamics underwent the TVT procedure under local anesthesia. A prolapse repair was done simultaneously. Results Mean TVT operation time was 26.29 minutes. Mean blood loss was 29.86 mL. Eighty-eight percent of the patients were able to micturate spontaneously within 12 hours and residual urine was less than 100 mL. And 12% of the patients had to use indwelling catheter for 3-11 days. Average hospital stay was 2.91 days. Eighty-eight percent of patients were discharged within 2 days. All patients were followed up （an average of 10.26 months）. According to subjective and objective assessment of the outcome, 39 patients （93%） were cured, another 3 patients （7%） were significantly improved and none was failed. There were no major complications such as bladder injury occurred. Conclusion TVT procedure is a minimal invasive, effective, and safe surgery for treatment of SUI.Keywords：stress urinary incontinence;tension-free vaginal tape4|9|0Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of free graft transplantation two-stage urethroplasty for hypospadias repair. Methods Fifty-eight cases with different types of hypospadias including 10 subcoronal, 36 penile shaft, 9 scrotal, and 3 perineal were treated with free full-thickness skin graft or （and） buccal mucosal graft transplantation two-stage urethroplasty. Of 58 cases, 45 were new cases, 13 had history of previous failed surgeries. Operative procedure included two stages: the first stage is to correct penile curvature （chordee）, prepare transplanting bed, harvest and prepare full-thickness skin graft, buccal mucosal graft, and perform graft transplantation. The second stage is to complete urethroplasty and glanuloplasty. Results After the first stage operation, 56 of 58 cases （96.6%） were successful with grafts healing well, another 2 foreskin grafts got gangrened. After the second stage operation on 56 cases, 5 cases failed with newly formed urethras opened due to infection, 8 cases had fistulas, 43 （76.8%） cases healed well. Conclusions Free graft transplantation two-stage urethroplasty for hypospadias repair is a kind of effective treatment with broad indication, comparatively high success rate, less complications and good cosmatic results, indicative of various types of hypospadias repair.Keywords：hypospadias;two-stage operation;free graft transplantation4|13|0Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To evaluate the combined surgical therapy for calculi of intrahepatic duct. Methods One hundred and eight cases of hepatolithiasis treated in our hospital from January 1986 to September 2003 were summarized and analyzed retrospectively. The primary surgery included 57 cases of biliary tract exploration and cholangiolithotomy, 26 cases of cholangiojejunostomy, and 25 cases of partial hepatectomy. Of these cases, 156 operations were performed totally. There were 36 patients undergoing two or more operations for cholangiolithiasis problem. Fiberoptic choledochoscopy was employed to examine and remove the residual stones during and after operation in all cases. Results The residual stone rates were 57.89% （33/57）, 26.92% （7/26）, and 24.0% （6/25） for biliary tract exploration and cholangiolithotomy, cholangiojejunostomy, and partial hepatectomy, respectively. Fiberoptic choledochoscopy was utilized pre- and post-operatively for each patient, which was performed 2 to 9 times on each case. Following the combined treatment, the rate of residual stone after operation decreased to 12.96% （14/108）. Conclusions The combined surgical therapy is valuable for resolving the problem of hepatolithiasis in most of the patients. Regarding the clinical outcomes of different surgical procedures, partial hepatectomy is superior to cholangiojejuno- stomy or biliary tract exploration and cholangiolithotomy. Fiberoptic choledochoscopy is also important to reduce the occurrence of residual stones and the rate of reoperation.Keywords：hepatolithiasis;surgical treatment;choledochoscopy4|21|8Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of nonfunctioning pheochromocytoma, and to evaluate the efficacy of 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine （MIBG） scan in the diagnosis and perioperative treatment of nonfunctioning pheochromocy- toma. Methods The clinical data of 14 patients with nonfunctioning pheochromocytoma were analyzed retrospectively. Plasma free corticoid, renin, aldosterone, and urine catecholamines levels were estimated. B-mode ultrasonography, computed tomo- graphy scan, thoracic X-ray and 131I-MIBG were used. Results All patients with nonfunctioning pheochromocytoma had no hypertension and the tumors were found inciden- tally. The 24 hours urine catecholamines levels in 80% （8/10） patients were normal. The positive rate of 131I-MIBG was 80% （8/10） and the specificity was 100%. All patients underwent surgical operation of tumor resection. No preoperative volume expansion was given to all patients. All tumors were resected completely, and no death accident happened. There was no recurrence and metastasis after operation by long-term follow-up. Conclusion 131I-MIBG scan is the first choice technique for the diagnosis of nonfunctioning pheochromocytoma. Blood volume expansion is unnecessary before resection of pheochromocytoma.no recurrence and metastasis})Keywords：pheochromocytoma;nonfunctioning4|17|3Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To investigate the impact of hepatitis B virus （HBV） and hepatitis C virus （HCV） infection on the long-term survival of renal transplantation recipients. Methods A total of 443 patients who received renal allografts from 1992 to 2002 were analyzed. Outcome and survival were compared among four groups retrospectively. Results Twelve patients were positive for both hepatitis B surface antigen （HBsAg） and HCV antibody （anti-HCV） （group 1）, 18 were HBsAg-positive and anti-HCV-negative （group 2）, 26 were HBsAg-negative and anti-HCV-positive （group 3） and 387 were negative for both markers （group 4）. The mean follow-up period was 6.1 ± 2.8 years （range, 0.5-10 years） for all patients. Group 2 had significantly higher liver-related complications （38.9%） and liver-related death （16.7%） than did group 4 （0%, P < 0.01）. Among all patients, 4 HBsAg-positive patients had fulminant hepatitis and died within two years of transplantation. Three patients （group 2） who died were seropositive for HBeAg and/or HBV DNA and none had a history of or positive serologic marker to indicate hepatitis of other etiologies. One （group 1）, two （group 2）, and one patient （group 3） developed liver cirrhosis respectively, and hepatocellular carcinoma occurred in two patients （group 2） and one patient （group 3）. Despite high liver-related mortality in HBV-infected patients, no significant differences among the four groups in the long-term graft and patient survivals were demonstrated. The presence of HBsAg or anti-HCV was not associated with poor prognosis as determined by Cox regression analysis. Conclusion HBV or HCV infection is not a contraindiction to kidney transplantation in Chinese patients. However, it should be noted that serious liver-related complications may occur and limit survival in patients infected with HBV and/or HCV after kidney transplantation.Keywords：kidney transplantation;hepatitis B virus;hepatitis C virus;survival rate4|12|3Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To investigate the expression of discoidin domain receptor 2 （DDR2） of fibroblast-like synovial cells in im- proved adjuvant-induced animal （AIA） model for rheumatoid arthritis （RA） and to provide evidence for DDR2’s antagonist use clinically. Methods AIA was modified by administrating 0.1 mL of complete Freund’s adjuvant （CFA, mixed with 5 mg Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine/mL） into rats’ right hind paws and 0.125 mL tumor necrosis factor-α （2 U/mL） into right ankles and subpatellar fatty tissue. The expression of DDR2 in fibroblast-like synovial cells was assessed using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence histochemistry, and in situ hybridization methods. Levels of anti-collagen II antibody were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Given the terms mentioned above, we found a more practical rat model, apparently decreasing immunization time （average 3-5 days）. DDR2 can be detected upon the 15th day of immunization; expression gradually increased with time going on, and reaching a peak 35 days after immunization before gradually decreasing. Serum anti-collagen II antibody showed similar expression patterns as DDR2, but reached peak later than DDR2, about 40 days after immunization. Conclusion Regular expression of DDR2 in animal models infers its important role in the pathological process of RA.Keywords：rheumatoid arthritis;adjuvant-induced arthritis;discoidin domain receptor 2;synovial tissue;anti-collagen Ⅱ antibody4|32|1Updated：2024-04-10
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- Abstract：Objective To assess the influence of mimic cardiac rate on hydrodynamics of different mechanical prosthetic cardiac valves. Methods US-made CarboMedics bileaflet valve, China-made Jiuling bileaflet valve and C-L tilting disc valve were tested via a pulsatile flow simulator in the aortic position. Testing conditions were set at mimic cardiac rates of 55 bpm, 75 bpm, 100 bpm with a constant mimic cardiac output of 4 L/min. The mean pressure differences （ΔP）, leakage volumes （LEV） and closing volumes （CLV） across each valve, and effective orifice areas （EOA） were analyzed. Results Within physiological range, ΔP, LEV, and CLV decreased as mimic cardiac rate increased, with a large extent of variance. EOA increased along with an increase in mimic cardiac rate. It was a different response in terms of cardiac rate alteration for different types of mechanical prosthetic cardiac valves. Conclusion Mimic cardiac rate change affects hydrodynamics of mechanical prosthetic cardiac valves. Within physiological range, the hydrodynamic of prosthetic bileaflet valve is better than that of tilting disc valve.Keywords：mimic cardiac rate;mechanical prosthetic cardiac valves;hydrodynamics4|17|1Updated：2024-04-10
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- Abstract：Objective To investigate the effects of nitric oxide （NO） on reperfusion injury following pancreaticoduodenal transplanta- tion in rats. Methods The homologous male Wistar rat model of heterotopic total pancreaticoduodenal transplantation was used. The L-arginine （L-Arg） group received intravenous injection of L-Arg 5 minutes before and after reperfusion at a dose of 200 mg/kg while the N-Nitro-L-Arginine methyl ester （L-NAME） group received intravenous injection of L-NAME at a dose of 10mg/kg, and control group received saline. The amount of NO in the pancreas graft was measured. Serum concentration of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant （CINC） determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, expression of CINC mRNA detected by Northern blot assay, and myeloperoxidase （MPO） activity in the pancreas graft were measured. Histological observation was performed. Results The amount of NO in the L-Arg group was higher than in the control group, while in the L-NAME group was lower than in the control group （P < 0.05）. The peak of serum CINC concentration occurred 3 hours after reperfusion with significant difference among groups. Expression peak of CINC mRNA in the pancreas graft occurred 3 hours after reperfusion. The expression level in the L-Arg group was lower than in the control group, the L-NAME group was higher than control group （P < 0.05）. MPO activity in the L-Arg group obviously decreasd compared with other groups. The pancreas inflamma- tion was ameliorated in L-Arg group, and pancreas damage was aggravated in L-NAME group. Conclusions L-Arg can increase the amount of NO and inhibit the elevation of CINC, CINC mRNA expression, and early neutrophil accumulation in the transplanted pancreas. NO has protective effects on the ischemia/reperfusion injury of pancreaticoduodenal transplantation .Keywords：pancreas transplantation;reperfusion;nitric oxide4|15|0Updated：2024-04-10
- Keywords：cardiac pheochromocytoma;surgery4|16|1Updated：2024-04-10
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