Latest Issue
Volume 0 ， Issue 4 ， 2005
- Abstract：Objective To investigate the response on late stage Chinese AIDS patients after highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART）. Methods From October 2002 to March 2004, 20 cases of late stage Chinese AIDS patients were selected to particip-ate in this opened and randomised study, we purposely chose those with CD4+ T cell counts < 100/mm3. All of them had one or two opportunistic infections and none had been treated with anti-HIV drugs. All patients were tested with CD4+ （naive CD4+ T cell defined by CD45RA+ and CD62L+, memory CD4+ T cell defined by CD45RA-）, CD8+ T cell, plasma HIV viral load, and clinical manifestations on before, during, and after HAART （5 different regimes） on 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Results Before HAART mean CD4+ T cell counts were 32 ± 31（range 2-91）/mm3, and plasma HIV viral load were 5.07 ± 0.85（range 2.04-5.70） log copies/mL. In 1 month’s time patients treated with HAART had mean CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts increasing rapidly. After 1 month the increasing speed turned to slow down, but HIV viral load decreased predominantly within the first 3 months. The major part of increasing CD4+ T cells were memory CD4+ T cells, as for naive CD4+ T cells increasing low and slow. Clinical symptoms and signs improved, and opportunistic infections reduced. The quality of life will be far much better than before. Each patient was followed for 12 months, and had finished 12 months’ HAART. Conclusion This is the first report in China that late stage Chinese AIDS patients after HAART could have their immune reconstitution. The regular pattern is similar to what had been reported in Western countries and also in China. So it is worth to treat late stage Chinese AIDS patients with HAART.Keywords：acquired immune deficiency syndrome;highly active antiretroviral therapy;immune reconstitution4|20|2Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To clarify the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） on rat motor cortical excitabi- lity and neurofunction after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods After determined awake resting motor threshold （MT） and motor evoked potentials （MEPs） of right hindlimbs, 20 Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） reperfusion injury, then rTMS were applied to rTMS group （n = 10） at different time, while control group （n = 10） received no stimulation. A week later, MT and MEPs were evaluated again, as well as neurological deficits and infarct volume. The effects of rTMS and MCAO reperfusion injury on these parameters were analyzed. Results After MCAO reperfusion, both MT level and neurological deficit scores increased, distinct focal infarction formed, and latency of MEP elongated. Compared with the control group, the increased extent of MT and neurological scores of rats receiving rTMS were significantly lower （P < 0.05）, as well as the infarct volumes reduced significantly（P < 0.05）. But MEP was not affected by rTMS obviously. There was a positive linear correlation between postinjury MT and infarct volume （r = 0.64, P < 0.05）. Conclusion rTMS may facilitate neurofunction recovery after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Postinjury MT could provide prognostic information after MCAO reperfusion injury.Keywords：repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation;cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury;motor threshold;motor evoked potential4|31|30Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To investigate the effects of losartan, a specific angiotensin II receptor blocker, on slowing progression of renal insufficiency in patients with biopsy-proven chronic allograft nephropathy （CAN） and the molecular mechanism of the therapy. Methods Twenty-two renal transplant recipients with biopsy-proven CAN （group A） were treated with losartan within two months after renal dysfunction for at least one year. Losartan was administered at a dose of 50 mg/d. Twenty-four recipients in the same fashion （group B） who never received angiotensin II receptor antagonist were studied as control. The inves- tigation time for each patient lasted one year. Renal functions and concentrations of plasma and urine transforming growth factor-beta1 （TGF-beta1） were compared between the two groups at the initiation and end of the study. In group A, expres- sions of TGF-beta1 mRNA and immunofluorescence intensity of TGF-beta1 protein and pathological alterations in renal biopsy specimens were compared between before losartan therapy and after one year of the therapy. Results At the initiation of the investigation, no significant differences were found between group A and group B in clinical data such as donor age, cold-ischemia time, HLA mismatch, levels of creatinine clearance （Ccr）, plasma and urine TGF-beta1 concentrations. One year later, 14 of 22 （63.6%） patients showed stable or improved graft functions in group A, and 4 of 24 （16.7%） in group B. The difference was significant （P < 0.05）. At the end of the study, urine TGF-beta1 concentration was 273.8 ± 84.1 pg/mg·Cr in group A and 457.2 ± 78.9 pg/mg·Cr in group B. During one year study period, loss of Ccr was 6.6 ± 5.4 mL/min in group A and 16.2 ± 9.1 mL/min in group B. Both of the differences were significant between the two groups （P < 0.01）. No significant differences were found in plasma TGF-beta1 concentrations between the four values determined at the initiation and end of the study in the two groups （F = 2.56, P > 0.05）. After one year losartan therapy, group A showed a significant decrease in expressions of TGF-beta1 mRNA and TGF-beta1 protein in renal biopsy specimens [from 1.59 ± 0.35 to 0.96 ± 0.27 and from （10.83 ± 2.33）×106 to （6.41 ± 1.53）×106, respectively; both P < 0.01], but in light microscopy the histological changes were similar to the first renal biopsy. Losartan was excellently tolerated in all patients in group A. No cases with losartan therapy showed too low blood pressure and other side effects. Conclusion This study suggests that losartan have an effect on slowing progression of CAN. Reducing production of intrarenal TGF-beta1 may play a decisive role in the efficacy of losartan.Keywords：kidney transplantation;nephropathy;losartan;transforming growth factor-beta14|12|0Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To study the allele genetic polymorphism of five short tandem repeat（STR） loci on X-chromosome in Ewenke population of north China and to provide basic data for forensic identification. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from EDTA-whole blood of Ewenke population by Chelex-100. The DNA samples were amplified by PCR and were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. The sequence length variations of DXS6799,DXS8378,DXS101,HPRTB,and DXS6789 loci on X-chromosome in 98 unrelated Ewenke individuals were investigated. Results All five loci analyzed showed high polymorphism and genetic stability. The data of the five X-chromosome STR loci in Ewenke ethnic group of China was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by Chi-square test. Conclusion Allele polymorphism of five X-chromosome STR loci can be used as a genetic marker for forensic identification and population genetic research.Keywords：allele distribution;X-chromosome;short tandem repeat;Ewenke population4|27|1Updated：2024-04-10
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- Abstract：Objective To examine and follow up cervical cytology of pregnant and postpartum women and study their cytopathologic characteristics, so as to determine screening and managing programs for abnormal cervical cytology. Methods Totally 5296 patients in pregnancy and postpartum, in which 3729 by computer-assisted cytology test and 1567 by liquid-based monolayers cytology test, were examined and diagnosed by the Bethesda System made in 2001. Those proven epithelial abnormalities patients were followed up until the lesions regressed to normal. The remaining patients, who exhibited persistent abnormalities or progression, were given further examinations. Results The positive rate of cervical cytological test was 8.72% （462/5296）, including squamous carcinoma （SCA） 1 case（0.02%）, high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion （HSIL） 34 cases（0.64%）, low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion （LSIL） 145 cases（2.74%）,atypical glandular cells （AGC） 5 cases（0.09%）,atypical squamous cells cannot exclude HSIL （ASC-H） 14 cases（0.26%）, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance （ASC-US） 263 cases（4.97%）. The 419 proven cytological abnormality cases were followed up successfully. The total transnegative rate in three months was 73.74% （309/419）, in which 303 cases （72.32%） persisted normal status for more than six months after regression. And the transnegative rate of ASC-US, ASC-H, AGC, LSIL, and HSIL were 79.56%, 64.29%, 100%, 72.14% and 44.12%, respectively. Forty-six cases received biopsy directed by colposcopy. The distribution of coincidence of cytopathologic and histopathologic diagnosis was: SCA 1 case （100%）, HSIL 10 cases （76.92%）, LSIL 13 cases （65%）,ASC-H 2 cases （50%）, ASC-US 3 cases （37.50%）, total 29 cases （63.04%）. Conclusions We should cast more attention to screening cervix lesions in pregnant and postpartum women. Their cytopathologic characteristics are liable to make the clinician give a false positive diagnosis. So we propose to follow up them closely and to lower the indication of biopsy.Keywords：pregnancy;Papanicolaou’s smear;cytology;cervical cancer4|23|4Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To investigate the relationship of plasma homocysteine （Hcy） levels and the gene polymorphisms of N5, N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase （MTHFR）, cystathionine β-synthase （CBS） with Alzheimer’s disease （AD）. Methods Plasma Hcy levels were measured by means of high voltage capillary electrophoresis with ultra-violet detection, the polymorphisms of C677T in exon 4 of MTHFR gene and 844ins68 in exon 8 of CBS gene were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） in 105 AD patients and 102 non-AD controls. All controls were excluded from cardiocerebrovascular disorders and other diseases. Results The plasma Hcy level in AD patients （16.04 ± 3.84 μmol/L） was significantly higher than that in the controls（11.94 ± 3.87 μmol/L, P < 0.001）. There were no significant differences of the genotype and allele frequencies of MTHFR C677T mutation and CBS 844ins68 mutation between the patients and controls. However, the T allele of MTHFR gene was found to relate with the plasma Hcy level increase in all subjects. Conclusion The elevated plasma Hcy level in AD patients is probably involved in the pathogenesis of AD, which may be due to the environmental factor rather than genetic factors of the mutations of MTHFR and CBS.Keywords：Alzheimer’s disease;homocysteine;N5, N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase;cystathionine β-synthase4|38|5Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To evaluate the efficacy of simultaneous anterior and posterior hemivertebra resection in the treatment of congenital kyphoscoliosis caused by fully-segmented hemivertebra. Methods Twenty-one consecutive cases with congenital kyphoscoliosis, which were 8 males and 13 females, underwent one-stage operation of anterior hemivertebra resection and posterior instrumentation. All of the hemivertebra were fully-segmented. The average age at surgery was 11.4 （range, 1.5-16） years old. Results The average follow-up was 23 （range, 6-50） months. The average Cobb’s angle of the coronal curve was 51.4° （30°-120°） before surgery, 16.9° （0°-54°） after surgery, and 19.5° at latest follow-up. The angle of segmental kyphosis was 37.1° （0°-95°） before surgery and 16.1° （0°-48°） after surgery, and 18.2° at latest follow-up. Apical translation was improved from 4.7 cm to 1.9 cm. The average fusion segments were 4.8 （range, 2-10） segments. Complication included pressure sore in one case, pedicle cutting by pedicle screw in one case and elongation of the curve in one case. There was no obvious pseudarthrosis, decompensation, and kyphosis deformity aggravation at latest follow-up. Conclusion One-stage hemivertebra resection has a good result in the surgical treatment of congenital kyphoscoliosis caused by fully-segmented hemivertebra, and may shorten fusion levels if performed at an earlier age.Keywords：congenital scoliosis;kyphosis;hemivertebra resection;internal fixators4|22|5Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of primary cervical malignant melanoma, and its prognosis. Methods The clinical and pathological data of four patients with primary malignant melanoma of the cervix were an-alyzed retrospectively. Nerve tissue protein S-100 and monoclonal antibody to melanoma （HMB-45） were measured in all cases by immunohistochemical method. All four patients received radical hysterectomy. Three of them received chem-otherapy preoperation or postoperation, and one of them received biotherapy with interferon-γ and interleukin-2 at the same time. All the cases were followed up. Results The average age of four patients was 45 years. Clinical symptoms presented with irregular vaginal bleeding,postcoital bleeding, or increase of vaginal discharge. Gynecologic examination showed polypus papilla cauliflower-shaped ornodulated black-brown or black-blue mass on the cervix. All the four cases were pathologically diagnosed with cervical ma-lignant melanoma. S-100 and HMB-45 were positive in all patients. Two patients died at 6 and 41 months postoperation, res-pectively. The other two patients survived for 3.5 and 7 years postoperation, respectively. Conclusions S-100 protein and HMB-45 play very important roles in the diagnosis of primary malignant melanoma ofcervix. Radical hysterectomy, chemotherapy combined with dimethyl triazemo imidazole carboxamide and biological therapies may improve the prognosis of the primary malignant melanoma of cervix if the disease could be diagnosed in an early stage.Keywords：melanoma;cervical neoplasms4|23|0Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To evaluate the effect of intraoperative combined forced-air warming and fluid warming system on patient’s core temperature, blood loss, transfusion demand, extubation time, and incidence of postoperative shivering. Methods Forty patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I andⅡ, aged 18-70 years, scheduled for elective abdominal surgery were randomly assigned to receive intraoperative warming from a forced-air blanket and fluid warming system or conventional cotton blanket, 20 in each group. The core temperature was recorded every 20 minutes during the operation, as well as the blood loss, blood transfusion, extubation time, and incidence of postoperative shivering. Results The core temperature at the end of the surgery in the warming group was significantly different from that in the control group （36.4±0.4℃ vs. 35.3±0.5℃, P<0.001）. Application of intraoperative warming significantly shortened the time between the end of the surgery and extubation （P<0.01）. Postoperative shivering occurred in 30% of the patients in the control group compared to no patient in the warming group （P <0.01）. Conclusion Active warming with air-forced blanket and fluid warming system provides sufficient heat to prevent hypothermia during abdominal surgery.Keywords：forced-air warming;fluid warming;core temperature4|37|3Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To search the etiologic factor, clinical diagnosis points and treatment of postoperative intussusception （ PI ）. Methods To retrospectively review the clinical materials of 14 cases with PI including the cause of disease and treatment. Results PI occurred within 10 days （average 4 days） after the primary operation. Bowel obstructive symptoms gradually emerged. One case was diagnosed with intussusception by sonography and received enema reduction of intussusception by hydrostatic pressure. Thirteen cases were performed secondary operation. Small intestine was main site of intussu- sception. Manual reduction of the lesion was performed in 12 cases and bowel resection and anastomosis was done in 1 case with bowel necrosis. Conclusion PI should be suspected if child presents with the symptoms of ileus in early postoperative period. Abdominal sonography may have some value on diagnosis of PI. Operation is the first choice for the treatment of PI.Keywords：postoperative intussusception;child;surgery4|17|6Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To study the expression and switching of Th1/Th2 cytokines gene in human gliomas and its effects on occurring and developing of human gliomas. Methods Interleukin（IL）-2 and interferon-γ represent Th1 type cytokines. IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13 represent Th2 type cytokines. The gene expressions of Th1/Th2 cytokines in human glioma cells, glioma infiltrating lymphocytes, and glioma cell lines were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. The biological activity of cytokines in the supernatant of glioma cell lines was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） method. Results The total positive rates of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines gene in human glioma cells were 14.77% and 75%. The total positive rates of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines gene in glioma infiltrating lymphocytes were 22.73% and 68.17%. There was obviously predominant expression of Th2 type cytokines in human glioma tissues, glioma infiltrating lymphocytes, and glioma cell lines. There was no unbalanced expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines in normal brain tissues. Conclusion There is a predominant expression of Th2 type cytokines in human glioma cells. The switching of Th1/Th2 cytokines gene may play an important role in the occurring and developing of human gliomas.Keywords：glioma;cytokine;Th1/Th2;gene expression Objective To study the expression and switchi4|22|5Updated：2024-04-10
- Abstract：Objective To establish a multiplex polymerase chain reaction （M-PCR） assay for simultaneous detection of pathogens causing genital ulcer disease （GUD）. Methods Based on the gene-specific region of the following pathogens: Chlamydia trachomatis omp1/ompb, herpes simplex virus （HSV） DNA polymerase, Treponema pallidum tpp47, Haemophilus ducreyi 16s rRNA, four sets of primers were designed and an M-PCR assay was developed to detect four pathogens in one test. The assay was evaluated with diagnostic result of golden standard for each pathogen. Results Of the 51 clinical samples, M-PCR showed slightly higher positive rate （47.1%） of HSV than cell culture （23.6%）.Meanwhile, the positive rate of T. pallidum detected by M-PCR and dark-field microscopy was 19.6% （10/51） and 15.7% （8/51）, respectively. Only one sample was positive for H. ducreyi and no sample was positive for C. trachomatis detected by both M-PCR assay and culture. Conclusion This primary study indicated that M-PCR assay can simultaneously and rapidly detect the four etiologic pathogens causing GUD.Keywords：multiplex polymerase chain reaction;genital ulcer disease4|13|4Updated：2024-04-10
- Keywords：cardiac echinococcosis;hydatid cyst;left ventricle4|12|1Updated：2024-04-10
- Keywords：endophthalmitis;mycobacterium tuberculosis;polymerase chain reaction4|11|1Updated：2024-04-10
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