Objective To evaluate the combined surgical therapy for calculi of intrahepatic duct. Methods One hundred and eight cases of hepatolithiasis treated in our hospital from January 1986 to September 2003 were summarized and analyzed retrospectively. The primary surgery included 57 cases of biliary tract exploration and cholangiolithotomy

26 cases of cholangiojejunostomy

and 25 cases of partial hepatectomy. Of these cases

156 operations were performed totally. There were 36 patients undergoing two or more operations for cholangiolithiasis problem. Fiberoptic choledochoscopy was employed to examine and remove the residual stones during and after operation in all cases. Results The residual stone rates were 57.89% （33/57）

26.92% （7/26）

and 24.0% （6/25） for biliary tract exploration and cholangiolithotomy

cholangiojejunostomy

and partial hepatectomy

respectively. Fiberoptic choledochoscopy was utilized pre- and post-operatively for each patient

which was performed 2 to 9 times on each case. Following the combined treatment

the rate of residual stone after operation decreased to 12.96% （14/108）. Conclusions The combined surgical therapy is valuable for resolving the problem of hepatolithiasis in most of the patients. Regarding the clinical outcomes of different surgical procedures

partial hepatectomy is superior to cholangiojejuno- stomy or biliary tract exploration and cholangiolithotomy. Fiberoptic choledochoscopy is also important to reduce the occurrence of residual stones and the rate of reoperation.