Expert Consensus on Polymyxin Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Clinical Interpretation

Yang Qiwen; Ma Xiaoling; Hu Fupin; Zhang Jing; Sun Tongwen; Chen Baiyi; Xu Yingchun; Liu Youning; China Medical Education Association; Expert Committee on Infectious Diseases, China Medical Education Association

doi:10.24920/003864

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Expert Consensus on Polymyxin Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Clinical Interpretation

中国医学科学杂志（英文版） 2021年36卷第1期页码：1-16

Guideline & Consensus | Updated：2024-04-10

- Expert Consensus on Polymyxin Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Clinical Interpretation
- Affiliations：
  
  1. 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
  2. 2Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
  3Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
  4General ICU, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
  5Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
  6Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Author bio：
  
  *Yingchun Xu, Tel: 86-10-69159766, E-mail: xycpumch@139.com;
  Youning Liu, Tel: 86-10-66939114, E-mail: liuyn301@126.com
- Funds：
  
  Funded by the National Key Research & Development Program(2018YFC1200100);Funded by the National Key Research & Development Program(2018YFC1200105);the Major Research and Development Project of Innovative Drugs, Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2017ZX09304005)
- DOI：10.24920/003864
  中图分类号：
- 收稿日期：2020-12-10，
  
  录用日期：2020-12-14，
  
  网络出版日期：2021-01-14，
  
  纸质出版日期：2021-01-14
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Expert Consensus on Polymyxin Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Clinical Interpretation[J]. 中国医学科学杂志（英文版）, 2021,36(1):1-16.

Yang Qiwen, Ma Xiaoling, Hu Fupin, et al. Expert Consensus on Polymyxin Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Clinical Interpretation[J]. Chinese medical sciences journal, 2021, 36(1): 1-16.
Expert Consensus on Polymyxin Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Clinical Interpretation[J]. 中国医学科学杂志（英文版）, 2021,36(1):1-16. DOI： 10.24920/003864.

Yang Qiwen, Ma Xiaoling, Hu Fupin, et al. Expert Consensus on Polymyxin Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Clinical Interpretation[J]. Chinese medical sciences journal, 2021, 36(1): 1-16. DOI： 10.24920/003864.

摘要

Abstract

The polymyxins are important antimicrobial agents against antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacilli. In 2020

the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute modified the clinical breakpoints for polymyxin susceptibility test by eliminating the “susceptible” interpretive category

only reporting intermediate (≤2 mg/L) and resistant (≥4 mg/L). However

the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing recommended the use of clinical breakpoints of ≤2 mg/L as susceptible and >2 mg/L as resistant. The first-line laboratorians and clinicians in China have been perplexed by the inconsistence of international polymyxin clinical breakpoints and discouraged by the difficulty of conducting polymyxin susceptibility testing. Therefore

it is urgently needed to make it clear for the laboratorians in China to know how to accurately carry out polymyxin susceptibility testing and standardize the interpretation of susceptibility testing results. To this end

the experts from relevant fields were convened to formulate this consensus statement on the testing and clinical interpretation of polymyxin susceptibility. Relevant recommendations are proposed accordingly for laboratorians and clinicians to streamline their daily work.

关键词

Keywords

references

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute . Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing . 30th Edition. USA: Wayne , 2020 . P . 38 - 48 .

The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing . Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 10.0, 2020 .http://www.eucast.org . http://www.eucast.org http://www.eucast.org

Pogue JM , Jones RN , Bradley JS , et al . Polymyxin susceptibility testing and interpretive breakpoints: recommendations from the United States Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (USCAST) . Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020 ; 64 : e01495 - 19 . doi: 10.1128/AAC.01495-19 1001-9294-36-1-1/AAC.01495-19 . DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01495-19 http://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01495-19 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31767718 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31767718

Li HQ , Niu M , Liu SM , et al . Susceptibility of CRE to polymyxin B and the difference between two testing methods . Chin J Infect Control 2019 ; 18 ( 11 ): 1059 - 63 .Chinese.

Chew KL , La MV , Lin RTP , et al . Colistin and Polymyxin B susceptibility testing for carbapenem-resistant and MCR-positive Enterobacteriaceae : comparison of Sensititre, MicroScan, Vitek 2, and Etest with Broth Microdilution . J Clin Microbiol 2017 ; 55 ( 9 ): 2609 - 16 . doi: 10.1128/JCM.00268-17 1001-9294-36-1-1/JCM.00268-17 . DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00268-17 http://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00268-17 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28592552 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28592552

Pfennigwerth N , Kaminski A , Korte-Berwanger M , et al . Evaluation of six commercial products for colistin susceptibility testing in Enterobacterales . Clin Microbiol Infect 2019 ; 25 ( 11 ): 1385 - 9 . doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.03.017 1001-9294-36-1-1/j.cmi.2019.03.017 . DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.03.017 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2019.03.017 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30928563 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30928563

Dafopoulou K , Zarkotou O , Dimitroulia E , et al . Comparative evaluation of colistin susceptibility testing methods among carbapenem-nonsusceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates . Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015 ; 59 ( 8 ): 4625 - 30 . doi: 10.1128/AAC.00868-15 1001-9294-36-1-1/AAC.00868-15 . DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00868-15 http://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00868-15 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26014928 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26014928

van der Heijden IM , Levin AS , de Pedri EH , et al . Comparison of disc diffusion, Etest and broth microdilution for testing susceptibility of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa to polymyxins . Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2007 ; 6 : 8 . doi: 10.1186/1476-0711-6-8 1001-9294-36-1-1/1476-0711-6-8 . DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-6-8 http://doi.org/10.1186/1476-0711-6-8 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17697363 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17697363

Singhal L , Sharma M , Verma S , et al . Comparative evaluation of broth microdilution with polystyrene and glass-coated plates, agar dilution, E-Test, Vitek, and disk diffusion for susceptibility testing of colistin and polymyxin B on carbapenem-resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii . Microb Drug Resist 2018 ; 24 ( 8 ): 1082 - 8 . doi: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0251 1001-9294-36-1-1/mdr.2017.0251 . DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0251 http://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2017.0251 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29406804 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29406804

Vourli S , Dafopoulou K , Vrioni G , et al . Evaluation of two automated systems for colistin susceptibility testing of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates . J Antimicrob Chemother 2017 ; 72 ( 9 ): 2528 - 30 . doi: 10.1093/jac/dkx186 1001-9294-36-1-1/jac/dkx186 . DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx186 http://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkx186 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28605445 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28605445

Jayol A , Nordmann P , Andre C , et al . Evaluation of three broth microdilution systems to determine colistin susceptibility of Gram-negative bacilli . J Antimicrob Chemother 2018 ; 73 ( 5 ): 1272 - 8 . doi: 10.1093/jac/dky012 1001-9294-36-1-1/jac/dky012 . DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky012 http://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dky012 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29481600 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29481600

Humphries RM , Green DA , Schuetz AN , et al . Multicenter evaluation of colistin broth disk elution and colistin agar test: a report from the clinical and laboratory standards institute . J Clin Microbiol 2019 ; 57 ( 11 ): e01269 - 19 . doi: 10.1128/JCM.01269-19 1001-9294-36-1-1/JCM.01269-19 . DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01269-19 http://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01269-19 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31511331 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31511331

CLSI . Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 29th ed. CLSI supplement M100 . Pennsylvania: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute , 2019 .

U.S. Food & Drug Administration . Antibacterial Susceptibility Test Interpretive Criteria . Available from https://www.fda.gov/drugs/development-resources/antibacterial-susceptibility-test-interpretive-criteria . Accessed: November 9 , 2020 . https://www.fda.gov/drugs/development-resources/antibacterial-susceptibility-test-interpretive-criteria https://www.fda.gov/drugs/development-resources/antibacterial-susceptibility-test-interpretive-criteria

European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing . The EUCAST Subcommittee on MIC distributions and ECOFFs . Available from https://mic.eucast.org/Eucast2/SearchController/search.jsp?action=performSearch & BeginIndex=0 & Micdif=mic & NumberIndex=50 & Antib=837 & Specium=-1 . Accessed: November 9 , 2020 . https://mic.eucast.org/Eucast2/SearchController/search.jsp?action=performSearch&BeginIndex=0&Micdif=mic&NumberIndex=50&Antib=837&Specium=-1 https://mic.eucast.org/Eucast2/SearchController/search.jsp?action=performSearch&BeginIndex=0&Micdif=mic&NumberIndex=50&Antib=837&Specium=-1

Cheah SE , Wang J , Nguyen VT , et al . New pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies of systemically administered colistin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii in mouse thigh and lung infection models: smaller response in lung infection . J Antimicrob Chemother 2015 ; 70 ( 12 ): 3291 - 7 . doi: 10.1093/jac/dkv267 1001-9294-36-1-1/jac/dkv267 . DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv267 http://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkv267 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26318190 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26318190

Landersdorfer CB , Wang J , Wirth V , et al . Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of systemically administered polymyxin B against Klebsiella pneumoniae in mouse thigh and lung infection models . J Antimicrob Chemother 2017 ; 73 ( 2 ): 462 - 8 . doi: 10.1093/jac/dkx409 1001-9294-36-1-1/jac/dkx409 . DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx409 http://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkx409 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29149294 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29149294

Tsuji BT , Pogue JM , Zavascki AP , et al . International consensus guidelines for the optimal use of the polymyxins: endorsed by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), International Society for Anti-infective Pharmacology (ISAP), Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), and Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP) . Pharmacotherapy 2019 ; 39 ( 1 ): 10 - 39 . doi: 10.1002/phar.2209 1001-9294-36-1-1/phar.2209 . DOI: 10.1002/phar.2209 http://doi.org/10.1002/phar.2209 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30710469 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30710469

European Medicines Agency . European Medicines Agency completes review of polymyxin-based medicines . https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/european-medicines-agency-completes-review-polymyxin-based-medicines. Released October 24, 2014 ; accessed November 9 , 2020 . https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/european-medicines-agency-completes-review-polymyxin-based-medicines https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/european-medicines-agency-completes-review-polymyxin-based-medicines

FDA Approved Drug Products . Label and Approval History for Coly-Mycin M, NDA 050108 . https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/050108s033lbl.pdf. Accessed November 9 , 2020 . https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/050108s033lbl.pdf https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/050108s033lbl.pdf

Nation RL , Garonzik SM , Thamlikitkul V , et al . Dosing guidance for intravenous colistin in critically ill patients . Clin Infect Dis 2017 ; 64 ( 5 ): 565 - 71 . doi: 10.1093/cid/ciw839 1001-9294-36-1-1/cid/ciw839 . DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw839 http://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw839 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28011614 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28011614

Rattanaumpawan P , Lorsutthitham J , Ungprasert P , et al . Randomized controlled trial of nebulized colistimethate sodium as adjunctive therapy of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Gram-negative bacteria . J Antimicrob Chemother 2010 ; 65 ( 12 ): 2645 - 9 . doi: 10.1093/jac/dkq360 1001-9294-36-1-1/jac/dkq360 . DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkq360 http://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkq360 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20876621 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20876621

Jitaree K , Sathirakul K , Houngsaitong J , et al . Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) simulation for dosage optimization of colistin against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli . Antibiotics (Basel) 2019 ; 8 ( 3 ): 125 . doi: 10.3390/antibiotics8030125 1001-9294-36-1-1/antibiotics8030125 .

Avedissian S , Miglis C , Kubin CJ , et al . Polymyxin B pharmacokinetics in adult cystic fibrosis patients . Pharmacotherapy 2018 ; 38 ( 7 ): 730 - 8 . doi: 10.1002/phar.2129 1001-9294-36-1-1/phar.2129 . DOI: 10.1002/phar.2129 http://doi.org/10.1002/phar.2129 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29800496 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29800496

Kalil AC , Metersky ML , Klompas M , et al . Management of adults with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia: 2016 clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society . Clin Infect Dis 2016 ; 63 ( 5 ): 575 - 82 . doi: 10.1093/cid/ciw504 1001-9294-36-1-1/cid/ciw504. Erratum in Clin Infect Dis 2017 . Erratum in Clin Infect Dis 2017 ; 64 ( 9 ): 1298 . Doi 10.1093/cid/ciw799; 1001-9294-36-1-1/cid/ciw799; Clin Infect Dis 2017 ; 65 ( 8 ): 1435 ; doi 10.1093/cid/cix587; 1001-9294-36-1-1/cid/cix587; Clin Infect Dis 2017 ; 65 ( 12 ): 2161 . doi 10.1093/cid/cix759 1001-9294-36-1-1/cid/cix759 . DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw504 http://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw504 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27521441 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27521441

Miglis C , Rhodes NJ , Avedissian S , et al . Population pharmacokinetics of polymyxin B in acutely ill adult patients . Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018 ; 62 ( 3 ): e01475 - 17 . doi: 10.1128/AAC.01475-17 1001-9294-36-1-1/AAC.01475-17 . DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01475-17 http://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01475-17 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29311071 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29311071

Society of Critical Care Medicine , Society of Evi-dence-based and Translational Infectious Diseases of Chinese Research Hospital Association . Chinese expert consensus on clinical use of polymyxins . Chin Critic Care Med 2019 ; 28 ( 10 ): 1218 - 22 . Chinese. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-4352.2019.10.003 1001-9294-36-1-1/cma.j.issn.2095-4352.2019.10.003 .

Medeiros GS , Rigatto MH , Falci DR , et al . Combination therapy with polymyxin B for carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection . Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019 ; 53 ( 2 ): 152 - 7 . doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.10.010 1001-9294-36-1-1/j.ijantimicag.2018.10.010 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.10.010 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.10.010 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30722960 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30722960

Tumbarello M , Viale P , Viscoli C , et al . Predictors of mortality in bloodstream infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae : importance of combination therapy . Clin Infect Dis 2012 ; 55 ( 7 ): 943 - 50 . doi: 10.1093/cid/cis588 1001-9294-36-1-1/cid/cis588 . DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis588 http://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cis588 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22752516 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22752516

Batirel A , Balkan II , Karabay O , et al . Comparison of colistin-carbapenem, colistin-sulbactam, and colistin plus other antibacterial agents for the treatment of extremely drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream infections . Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014 ; 33 ( 8 ): 1311 - 22 . doi: 10.1007/s10096-014-2070-6 1001-9294-36-1-1/s10096-014-2070-6 . DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2070-6 http://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-014-2070-6 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24532009 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24532009

Sirijatuphat R , Thamlikitkul V . Preliminary study of colistin versus colistin plus fosfomycin for treatment of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections . Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014 ; 58 ( 9 ): 5598 - 601 . doi: 10.1128/AAC.02435-13 1001-9294-36-1-1/AAC.02435-13 . DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02435-13 http://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.02435-13 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24982065 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24982065

Paul M , Daikos GL , Durante-Mangoni E , et al . Colistin alone versus colistin plus meropenem for treatment of severe infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: an open-label, randomised controlled trial . Lancet Infect Dis 2018 ; 18 ( 4 ): 391 - 400 . doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30099-9 1001-9294-36-1-1/S1473-3099(18)30099-9 . DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30099-9 http://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30099-9 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29456043 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29456043

Abdellatif S , Trifi A , Daly F , et al . Efficacy and toxicity of aerosolised colistin in ventilator-associated pneumonia: a prospective, randomised trial . Ann Intensive Care 2016 ; 6 ( 1 ): 26 . doi: 10.1186/s13613-016-0127-7 1001-9294-36-1-1/s13613-016-0127-7 . DOI: 10.1186/s13613-016-0127-7 http://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-016-0127-7 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27033711 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27033711

Valachis A , Samonis G , Kofteridis DP . The role of aerosolized colistin in the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia . Crit Care Med 2015 ; 43 ( 3 ): 527 - 33 . doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000771 1001-9294-36-1-1/CCM.0000000000000771 . DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000771 http://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000000771 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25493971 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25493971

Vardakas KZ , Voulgaris GL , Samonis G , et al . Inhaled colistin monotherapy for respiratory tract infections in adults without cystic fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis . Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018 ; 51 ( 1 ): 1 - 9 . doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.05.016 1001-9294-36-1-1/j.ijantimicag.2017.05.016 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.05.016 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.05.016 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28669836 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28669836

de Bonis P , Lofrese G , Scoppettuolo G , et al . Intraventricular versus intravenous colistin for the treatment of extensively drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii meningitis . Eur J Neurol 2016 ; 23 ( 1 ): 68 - 75 . doi: 10.1111/ene.12789 1001-9294-36-1-1/ene.12789 . https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26228051 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26228051

Falagas ME , Bliziotis IA , Tam VH . Intraventricular or intrathecal use of polymyxins in patients with Gram-negative meningitis: a systematic review of the available evidence . Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007 ; 29 ( 1 ): 9 - 25 . doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.08.024 1001-9294-36-1-1/j.ijantimicag.2006.08.024 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.08.024 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.08.024 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17126534 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17126534

Couet W , Gregoire N , Gobin P , et al . Pharmacokinetics of colistin and colistimethate sodium after a single 80-mg intravenous dose of CMS in young healthy volunteers . Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011 ; 89 ( 6 ): 875 - 9 . doi: 10.1038/clpt.2011.48 1001-9294-36-1-1/clpt.2011.48 . DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2011.48 http://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.2011.48 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21544080 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21544080

Sorlí L , Luque S , Li J , et al . Colistin for the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by extremely drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa : Dose is critical . J Infect 2019 ; 79 ( 3 ): 253 - 61 . doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2019.06.011 1001-9294-36-1-1/j.jinf.2019.06.011 . https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31265867 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31265867

Liang Q , Huang M , Xu Z . Early use of polymyxin B reduces the mortality of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection . Braz J Infect Dis 2019 ; 23 ( 1 ): 60 - 5 . doi: 10.1016/j.bjid.2018.12.004 1001-9294-36-1-1/j.bjid.2018.12.004 . DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2018.12.004 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2018.12.004 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30796888 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30796888

Rigatto MH , Falci DR , Lopes NT , et al . Clinical features and mortality of patients on renal replacement therapy receiving polymyxin B . Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016 ; 47 ( 2 ): 146 - 50 . doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.11.007 1001-9294-36-1-1/j.ijantimicag.2015.11.007 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.11.007 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.11.007 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26742727 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26742727

Ismail B , Shafei MN , Harun A , et al . Predictors of polymyxin B treatment failure in Gram-negative healthcare-associated infections among critically ill patients . J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2018 ; 51 ( 6 ): 763 - 9 . doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2017.03.007 1001-9294-36-1-1/j.jmii.2017.03.007 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2017.03.007 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2017.03.007 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28716359 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28716359

Dickstein Y , Lellouche J , Ben DAM , et al . Treatment outcomes of colistin- and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections: an exploratory subgroup analysis of a randomized clinical trial . Clin Infect Dis 2019 ; 69 ( 5 ): 769 - 76 . doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy988 1001-9294-36-1-1/cid/ciy988 . DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy988 http://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy988 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30462182 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30462182

Mattos KPH , Gouvêa IR , Quintanilha JCF , et al . Polymyxin B clinical outcomes: A prospective study of patients undergoing intravenous treatment . J Clin Pharm Ther 2019 ; 44 ( 3 ): 415 - 9 . doi: 10.1111/jcpt.12801 1001-9294-36-1-1/jcpt.12801 . DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12801 http://doi.org/10.1111/jcpt.12801 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30666679 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30666679

Maniara BP , Healy LE , Doan T . Risk of nephrotoxicity associated with nonrenally adjusted intravenous polymyxin b compared to traditional dosing . J Pharm Pract 2020 ; 33 ( 3 ): 287 - 92 . doi: 10.1177/0897190018799261 1001-9294-36-1-1/0897190018799261 . DOI: 10.1177/0897190018799261 http://doi.org/10.1177/0897190018799261 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30253682 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30253682

Sirijatuphat R , Limmahakhun S , Sirivatanauksorn V , et al . Preliminary clinical study of the effect of ascorbic acid on colistin-associated nephrotoxicity . Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015 ; 59 ( 6 ): 3224 - 32 . doi: 10.1128/AAC.00280-15 1001-9294-36-1-1/AAC.00280-15 . DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00280-15 http://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00280-15 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25801556 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25801556

Liu Q , Li W , Feng Y , et al . Efficacy and safety of polymyxins for the treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis . PLoS One 2014 ; 9 ( 6 ): e98091 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098091 1001-9294-36-1-1/journal.pone.0098091 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098091 http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098091 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24911658 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24911658

Pereira GH , Muller PR , Levin AS . Salvage treatment of pneumonia and initial treatment of tracheobronchitis caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli with inhaled polymyxin B . Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2007 ; 58 ( 2 ): 235 - 40 . doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.01.008 1001-9294-36-1-1/j.diagmicrobio.2007.01.008 . DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.01.008 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.01.008 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17350201 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17350201

浏览量

715

Downloads

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

Submit

关联资源

暂无数据