FOLLOWUS
- Share with wechat friends or circle of friends
肿瘤重症患者急性呼吸衰竭专家共识（2023版）
- Affiliations：
1. 1Department of Intensive Care Unit, National Cancer Center / National Clinical Research Center for Cancer / Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
2. 2Department of Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
3. 3Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
4. 4Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050057, China
5. 5Department of Intensive Care Unit, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
6. 6Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Author bio：
* 王东浩, E-mail: donghaow@tom.com；
隆云, E-mail: ly_icu@aliyun.com；
邢学忠, E-mail：xingxuezhong@cicams.ac.cn。
- Funds：中国医学科学院肿瘤医院管理研究课题(LC2020D01)
DOI：10.24920/004203
中图分类号：收稿日期：2022-12-27，
录用日期：2022-5-6，
网络出版日期：2023-09-21，
纸质出版日期：2023-09-30
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
王海军, 陈炜, 王宏志, 等. 肿瘤重症患者急性呼吸衰竭专家共识（2023版）[J]. 中国医学科学杂志（英文版）, 2023,38(3):163-177.
Hai-Jun Wang, Wei Chen, Hong-Zhi Wang, et al. Expert Consensus on Acute Respiratory Failure in Critically Ill Cancer Patients (2023)[J]. Chinese medical sciences journal, 2023, 38(3): 163-177.
王海军, 陈炜, 王宏志, 等. 肿瘤重症患者急性呼吸衰竭专家共识（2023版）[J]. 中国医学科学杂志（英文版）, 2023,38(3):163-177. DOI： 10.24920/004203.
Hai-Jun Wang, Wei Chen, Hong-Zhi Wang, et al. Expert Consensus on Acute Respiratory Failure in Critically Ill Cancer Patients (2023)[J]. Chinese medical sciences journal, 2023, 38(3): 163-177. DOI： 10.24920/004203.
摘要
目的
本共识的制定旨在为肿瘤重症患者合并呼吸衰竭的临床处理中常见问题提供基于临床证据的推荐意见。
方法
采用人群、干预、比较和预后（Population
Intervention
Comparison
and Outcome，PICO）原则对肿瘤重症患者呼吸衰竭的诊断和处理提出6个重要临床问题，基于文献检索和证据整合形成推荐意见。采用推荐意见分级评价、制定与评估（Grading of Recommendation Assessment
Development and Evaluation，GRADE）的方法讨论每个问题并经专家组讨论后形成共识意见。
结果
共识专家组形成了如下推荐意见。强推荐：⑴宏基因组二代测序可能有助于临床医师快速诊断合并呼吸衰竭的肿瘤重症患者的肺部感染；⑵体外膜肺（Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation，ECMO）不作为合并急性呼吸窘迫综合征的肿瘤重症患者常规挽救方案，多学科会诊后高选择性患者可能受益于ECMO治疗；⑶与标准化疗相比，免疫检查点抑制剂治疗增加肿瘤患者肺毒性的发生率；⑷接受机械通气的肿瘤患者如预计通气时间超过14天，早期气管切开可能使患者获益；⑸高流量氧疗和无创通气可以作为肿瘤合并呼吸衰竭的重症患者的一线氧疗方案。弱推荐：⑹对于癌肿压迫所致呼吸衰竭的肿瘤重症患者，如多学科会诊后考虑肿瘤对于药物潜在敏感，可采用紧急化疗作为挽救治疗。
结论
基于已有证据形成的推荐意见可指导肿瘤合并呼吸衰竭患者的诊断和治疗并改善预后。
Abstract
Objective
This consensus aims to provide evidence-based recommendations on common questions in the diagnosis and treatment of acute respiratory failure (ARF) for critically ill cancer patients.
Methods
We developed six clinical questions using the PICO (Population
Intervention
Comparison
and Outcome) principle in diagnosis and treatment for critical ill cancer patients with ARF. Based on literature searching and meta-analyses
recommendations were devised. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendation Assessment
Development and Evaluation) method was applied to each question to reach consensus in the expert panel.
Results
The panel makes strong recommendations in favor of (1) metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) tests may aid clinicians in rapid diagnosis in critically ill cancer patients suspected of pulmonary infections; (2) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy should not be used as a routine rescue therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome in critically ill cancer patients but may benefit highly selected patients after multi-disciplinary consultations; (3) cancer patients who have received immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy have an increased incidence of pneumonitis compared with standard chemotherapy; (4) critically ill cancer patients who are on invasive mechanical ventilation and estimated to be extubated after 14 days may benefit from early tracheotomy; and (5) high-flow nasal oxygen and noninvasive ventilation therapy can be used as a first-line oxygen strategy for critically ill cancer patients with ARFs. A weak recommendation is: (6) for critically ill cancer patients with ARF caused by tumor compression
urgent chemotherapy may be considered as a rescue therapy only in patients determined to be potentially sensitive to the anticancer therapy after multidisciplinary consultations.
Conclusions
The recommendations based on the available evidence can guide diagnosis and treatment in critically ill cancer patients with acute respiratory failure and improve outcomes.
关键词
Keywords
references
Costa ELV , Slutsky AS , Brochard LJ , et al . Ventilatory variables and mechanical power in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome . Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021 ; 204 ( 3 ): 303 - 11 . doi: 10.1164/rccm.202009-3467OC https://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202009-3467OC . https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1164/rccm.202009-3467OC https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1164/rccm.202009-3467OC
Vigneron C , Charpentier J , Valade S , et al . Patterns of ICU admissions and outcomes in patients with solid malignancies over the revolution of cancer treatment . Ann Intensive Care 2021 ; 11 ( 1 ): 182 . doi: 10.1186/s13613-021-00968-5 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13613-021-00968-5 .
Kaufmann K , Heinrich S . Minimizing postoperative pulmonary complications in thoracic surgery patients . Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2021 ; 34 ( 1 ): 13 - 9 . doi: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000000945 https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ACO.0000000000000945 .
Gutierrez C , McEvoy C , Munshi L , et al . Critical care management of toxicities associated with targeted agents and immunotherapies for cancer . Crit Care Med 2020 ; 48 ( 1 ): 10 - 21 . doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004087 https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000004087 .
Kochanek M , Kochanek J , Böll B , et al . Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vv-ECMO) for severe respiratory failure in adult cancer patients: a retrospective multicenter analysis . Intensive Care Med 2022 ; 48 ( 3 ): 332 - 42 . doi: 10.1007/s00134-022-06635-y https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-022-06635-y .
Kanji S , MacLean E , Rashid FJ , et al . Chemotherapy in the intensive care unit: an evaluation of context and outcomes . Can J Hosp Pharm 2020 ; 73 ( 4 ): 279 - 87 .
Meert AP , Wittnebel S , Holbrechts S , et al . Critically ill cancer patients consensus conference group. Critically ill cancer patient’s resuscitation: a Belgian/French societies’ consensus conference . Intensive Care Med 2021 ; 47 ( 10 ): 1063 - 77 . doi: 10.1007/s00134-021-06508-w https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-021-06508-w .
Pastores SM , Goldman DA , Shaz DJ , et al . Characteristics and outcomes of patients with hematologic malignancies receiving chemotherapy in the intensive care unit . Cancer 2018 ; 124 ( 14 ): 3025 - 36 . doi: 10.1002/cncr.31409 https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.31409 .
Zampieri FG , Romano TG , Salluh JIF , et al . Trends in clinical profiles, organ support use and outcomes of patients with cancer requiring unplanned ICU admission: a multicenter cohort study . Intensive Care Med 2021 ; 47 ( 2 ): 170 - 9 . doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-06184-2 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06184-2 .
van der Zee EN , Termorshuizen F , Benoit DD , et al . One-year mortality of cancer patients with an unplanned ICU admission: a cohort analysis between 2008 and 2017 in the Netherlands . J Intensive Care Med 2022 ; 37 ( 9 ): 1165 - 73 . doi: 10.1177/08850666211054369 https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08850666211054369 . http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/08850666211054369 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/08850666211054369
Guyatt GH , Oxman AD , Vist GE , et al . GRADE Working Group. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations . BMJ 2008 ; 336 ( 7650 ): 924 - 6 . doi: 10.1136/bmj.39489.470347.AD https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39489.470347.AD . https://www.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmj.39489.470347.AD https://www.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmj.39489.470347.AD
Miao Q , Ma Y , Wang Q , et al . Microbiological Diagnostic Performance of Metagenomic Next-generation Sequencing When Applied to Clinical Practice . Clin Infect Dis 2018 ; 67 ( suppl_2 ): S231 - S240 . doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy693 https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy693 . https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/67/suppl_2/S231/5181274 https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/67/suppl_2/S231/5181274
Conte P , Ascierto PA , Patelli G , et al . Drug-induced interstitial lung disease during cancer therapies: expert opinion on diagnosis and treatment . ESMO Open 2022 ; 7 ( 2 ): 100404 . doi: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100404 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100404 . https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2059702922000254 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2059702922000254
Wang J , Han Y , Feng J . Metagenomic next-generation sequencing for mixed pulmonary infection diagnosis . BMC Pulm Med 2019 ; 19 ( 1 ): 252 . doi: 10.1186/s12890-019-1022-4 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12890-019-1022-4 .
Chen P , Sun W , He Y . Comparison of the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology with culture Methods in the diagnosis of bacterial and fungal infections . J Thorac Dis 2020 ; 12 ( 9 ): 4924 - 9 . doi: 10.21037/jtd-20-930 https://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jtd-20-930 .
Zhou H , Larkin PMK , Zhao D , et al . Clinical impact of metagenomic next-generation sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis and management of pneumonia: a multicenter prospective observational study . J Mol Diagn 2021 ; 23 ( 10 ): 1259 - 68 . doi: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2021.06.007 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoldx.2021.06.007 .
Xie G , Zhao B , Wang X , et al . Exploring the clinical utility of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of pulmonary infection . Infect Dis Ther 2021 ; 10 ( 3 ): 1419 - 35 . doi: 10.1007/s40121-021-00476-w https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40121-021-00476-w .
Sun T , Wu X , Cai Y , et al . Metagenomic next-generation sequencing for pathogenic diagnosis and antibiotic management of severe community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompromised adults . Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021 ; 11 : 661589 . doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.661589 https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.661589 . https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.661589/full https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.661589/full
Chen J , Zhao Y , Shang Y , et al . The clinical significance of simultaneous detection of pathogens from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood samples by metagenomic next-generation sequencing in patients with severe pneumonia . J Med Microbiol 2021 ; 70 ( 1 ). doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.001259 https://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001259 .
Shao J , Hassouna A , Wang Y , et al . Next-generation sequencing as an advanced supplementary tool for the diagnosis of pathogens in lower respiratory tract infections: An observational trial in Xi’an, China . Biomed Rep 2022 ; 16 ( 2 ): 14 . doi: 10.3892/br.2021.1497 https://dx.doi.org/10.3892/br.2021.1497 .
Zambon M , Vincent JL . Mortality rates for patients with acute lung injury/ARDS have decreased over time . Chest 2008 ; 13 ( 5 ): 1120 - 7 . doi: 10.1378/chest.07-2134 https://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.07-2134 .
Bellani G , Laffey JG , Pham T , et al . LUNG SAFE investigators; ESICM trials group. Epidemiology, patterns of care, and mortality for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensive care units in 50 countries . JAMA 2016 ; 315 ( 8 ): 788 - 800 . doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.0291 https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.0291 .
Azoulay E , Pickkers P , Soares M , et al . Efraim investigators and the Nine-I study group. Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in immunocompromised patients: the Efraim multinational prospective cohort study . Intensive Care Med 2017 ; 43 ( 12 ): 1808 - 19 . doi: 10.1007/s00134-017-4947-1 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-017-4947-1 .
Young D , Lamb SE , Shah S , et al . OSCAR Study Group. High-frequency oscillation for acute respiratory distress syndrome . N Engl J Med 2013 ; 368 ( 9 ): 806 - 13 . doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1215716 https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1215716 . http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1215716 http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1215716
Ferguson ND , Cook DJ , Guyatt GH , et al . OSCILLATE Trial Investigators; Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. High-frequency oscillation in early acute respiratory distress syndrome . N Engl J Med 2013 ; 368 ( 9 ): 795 - 805 . doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1215554 https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1215554 . http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1215554 http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1215554
Guérin C , Reignier J , Richard JC , et al . PROSEVA Study Group. Prone positioning in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome . N Engl J Med 2013 ; 368 ( 23 ): 2159 - 68 . doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1214103 https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1214103 . http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1214103 http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1214103
McAuley DF , Laffey JG , O’Kane CM , et al . HARP-2 Investigators; Irish Critical Care Trials Group. Simvastatin in the acute respiratory distress syndrome . N Engl J Med 2014 ; 371 ( 18 ): 1695 - 703 . doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1403285 https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1403285 . http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1403285 http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1403285
Kacmarek RM , Villar J , Sulemanji D , et al . Open Lung Approach Network. Open lung approach for the acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pilot, randomized controlled trial . Crit Care Med 2016 ; 44 ( 1 ): 32 - 42 . doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001383 https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000001383 .
Writing Group for the Alveolar Recruitment for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Trial ART Investigators , Cavalcanti AB , Suzumura ÉA , Laranjeira LN , et al . Effect of lung recruitment and titrated positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) vs low peep on mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized clinical trial . JAMA 2017 ; 318 ( 14 ): 1335 - 45 . doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.14171 https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.14171 .
Moss M , Huang DT , Brower RG , et al . National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PETAL Clinical Trials Network. Early neuromuscular blockade in the acute respiratory distress syndrome . N Engl J Med 2019 ; 380 ( 21 ): 1997 - 2008 . doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1901686 https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1901686 . http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1901686 http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1901686
Beitler JR , Sarge T , Banner-Goodspeed VM , et al . EPVent-2 Study Group. Effect of titrating positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) with an esophageal pressure-guided strategy vs an empirical high PEEP-fio2 strategy on death and days free from mechanical ventilation among patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized clinical trial . JAMA 2019 ; 321 ( 321 ): 846 - 57 . doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.0555 https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.0555 . http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2019.0555 http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2019.0555
Hodgson CL , Cooper DJ , Arabi Y , et al . Maximal recruitment open lung ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (PHARLAP). A phase II, multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial . Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019 ; 200 ( 11 ): 1363 - 72 . doi: 10.1164/rccm.201901-0109OC https://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201901-0109OC . https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1164/rccm.201901-0109OC https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1164/rccm.201901-0109OC
Villar J , Ferrando C , Martínez D , et al . dexamethasone in ARDS network. Dexamethasone treatment for the acute respiratory distress syndrome: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial . Lancet Respir Med 2020 ; 8 ( 3 ): 267 - 76 . doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30417-5 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30417-5 .
Ranieri VM , Pettilä V , Karvonen MK , et al . INTEREST Study Group. Effect of intravenous interferon β-1a on death and days free from mechanical ventilation among patients with moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized clinical trial . JAMA 2020 ; 323 ( 8 ): 725 - 33 . doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.22525 https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.22525 . https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761314 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761314
Türkoğlu M , Erdem GU , Suyanı E , et al . Acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with hematological malignancies . Hematology 2013 ; 18 ( 3 ): 123 - 30 . doi: 10.1179/1607845412Y.0000000038 https://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1607845412Y.0000000038 .
Azoulay E , Lemiale V , Mokart D , et al . Acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with malignancies . Intensive Care Med 2014 ; 40 ( 8 ): 1106 - 14 . doi: 10.1007/s00134-014-3354-0 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-014-3354-0 .
Lagier D , Platon L , Chow-Chine L , et al . Severity of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in haematology patients: long-term impact and early predictive factors . Anaesthesia 2016 ; 71 ( 9 ): 1081 - 90 . doi: 10.1111/anae.13542 https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anae.13542 .
Blanc K , Zaimi R , Dechartres A , et al . Early acute respiratory distress syndrome after pneumonectomy: Presentation, management, and short- and long-term outcomes . J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018 ; 156 ( 4 ): 1706 - 14.e5 . doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.06.021 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.06.021 .
Fang LJ , Chen LY , Sun JH , et al . Clinical characteristics and outcomes of acute lung injury caused by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study from a single institution in China . Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2019 ; 2019 : 4307651 . doi: 10.1155/2019/4307651 https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4307651 .
Choi H , Shin B , Yoo H , et al . Early corticosteroid treatment for postoperative acute lung injury after lung cancer surgery . Ther Adv Respir Dis 2019 ; 13 :1753466619840256. doi: 10.1177/1753466619840256 https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753466619840256 .
Seong GM , Lee Y , Hong SB , et al . Prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with hematological malignancies . J Intensive Care Med 2020 ; 35 ( 4 ): 364 - 70 . doi: 10.1177/0885066617753566 https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885066617753566 .
Combes A , Hajage D , Capellier G , et al . EOLIA Trial Group, REVA, and ECMONet. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome . N Engl J Med 2018 ; 378 ( 21 ): 1965 - 75 . doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1800385 https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1800385 . http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1800385 http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1800385
Wohlfarth P , Beutel G , Lebiedz P , et al . Intensive Care in Hematologic and Oncologic Patients (iCHOP); Caring for Critically Ill Immunocompromised Patients Multinational Network (NINE-I). Characteristics and outcome of patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute respiratory distress syndrome . Crit Care Med 2017 ; 45 ( 5 ): e500 - e507 . doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002293 https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000002293 . https://journals.lww.com/00003246-201705000-00037 https://journals.lww.com/00003246-201705000-00037
Stecher SS , Beyer G , Goni E , et al . Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in predominantly leuco- and thrombocytopenic haematologic/oncologic patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a single-centre experience . Oncol Res Treat 2018 ; 41 ( 9 ): 539 - 43 . doi: 10.1159/000489718 https://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000489718 . https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/489718 https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/489718
Schmidt M , Schellongowski P , Patroniti N , et al . IDEA Study Group. Six-month outcome of immunocompromised patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome rescued by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. An international multicenter retrospective study . Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018 ; 197 ( 10 ): 1297 - 307 . doi: 10.1164/rccm.201708-1761OC https://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201708-1761OC . https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1164/rccm.201708-1761OC https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1164/rccm.201708-1761OC
Rilinger J , Zotzmann V , Bemtgen X , et al . Influence of immunosuppression in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy . Artif Organs 2021 ; 45 ( 9 ): 1050 - 60 . doi: 10.1111/aor.13954 https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aor.13954 .
Su Q , Zhu EC , Wu JB , et al . Risk of pneumonitis and pneumonia associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors for solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis . Front Immunol 2019 ; 10 : 108 . doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00108 https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00108 .
National Cancer Institute . DCTD Division of Cancer Treatment & Diagnosis. Protocol Development . Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) . Available from https://ctep.cancer.gov/protocolDevelopment/electronic_applications/ctc.htm https://ctep.cancer.gov/protocolDevelopment/electronic_applications/ctc.htm https://ctep.cancer.gov/protocolDevelopment/electronic_applications/ctc.htm. Updated April 19, 2021; accessed July 8, 2022 .
Ribas A , Kefford R , Marshall MA , et al . Phase III randomized clinical trial comparing tremelimumab with standard-of-care chemotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma . J Clin Oncol 2013 ; 31 ( 5 ): 616 - 22 . doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.44.6112 https://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2012.44.6112 .
Brahmer J , Reckamp KL , Baas P , et al . Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced squamous-cell non-small-cell lung cancer . N Engl J Med 2015 ; 373 ( 2 ): 123 - 35 . doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1504627 https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1504627 . http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1504627 http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1504627
Motzer RJ , Escudier B , McDermott DF , et al . CheckMate 025 investigators. nivolumab versus everolimus in advanced renal-cell carcinoma . N Engl J Med 2015 ; 373 ( 19 ): 1803 - 13 . doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1510665 https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1510665 . http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1510665 http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1510665
Weber JS , D’Angelo SP , Minor D , et al . Nivolumab versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma who progressed after anti-CTLA-4 treatment (CheckMate 037): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial . Lancet Oncol 2015 ; 16 ( 4 ): 375 - 84 . doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70076-8 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70076-8 .
Borghaei H , Paz-Ares L , Horn L , et al . Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer . N Engl J Med 2015 ; 373 ( 17 ): 1627 - 39 . doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1507643 https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1507643 . http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1507643 http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1507643
Robert C , Long GV , Brady B , et al . Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation . N Engl J Med 2015 ; 372 ( 4 ): 320 - 30 . doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1412082 https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1412082 . http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1412082 http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1412082
Ribas A , Puzanov I , Dummer R , et al . Pembrolizumab versus investigator-choice chemotherapy for ipilimumab-refractory melanoma (KEYNOTE-002): a randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial . Lancet Oncol 2015 ; 16 ( 8 ): 908 - 18 . doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00083-2 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00083-2 .
Ferris RL , Blumenschein G Jr , Fayette J , et al . Nivolumab for recurrent squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck . N Engl J Med 2016 ; 375 ( 19 ): 1856 - 67 . doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1602252 https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1602252 . http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1602252 http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1602252
Herbst RS , Baas P , Kim DW , et al . Pembrolizumab versus docetaxel for previously treated, PD-L1-positive, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (KEYNOTE-010): a randomised controlled trial . Lancet 2016 ; 387 ( 10027 ): 1540 - 50 . doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01281-7 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01281-7 .
Reck M , Rodríguez-Abreu D , Robinson AG , et al . KEYNOTE-024 Investigators. Pembrolizumab versus Chemotherapy for PD-L1-positive non-small-cell lung cancer . N Engl J Med 2016 ; 375 ( 19 ): 1823 - 33 . doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1606774 https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1606774 . http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1606774 http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1606774
Carbone DP , Reck M , Paz-Ares L , et al . CheckMate 026 Investigators. First-line nivolumab in stage iv or recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer . N Engl J Med 2017 ; 376 ( 25 ): 2415 - 26 . doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1613493 https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1613493 . http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1613493 http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1613493
Bellmunt J , de Wit R , Vaughn DJ , et al . KEYNOTE-045 Investigators. Pembrolizumab as second-line therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma . N Engl J Med 2017 ; 376 ( 11 ): 1015 - 26 . doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1613683 https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1613683 . http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1613683 http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1613683
Hellmann MD , Ciuleanu TE , Pluzanski A , et al . Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in lung cancer with a high tumor mutational burden . N Engl J Med 2018 ; 378 ( 22 ): 2093 - 104 . doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1801946 https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1801946 . http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1801946 http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1801946
Barlesi F , Vansteenkiste J , Spigel D , et al . Avelumab versus docetaxel in patients with platinum-treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (JAVELIN Lung 200): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 study . Lancet Oncol 2018 ; 19 ( 11 ): 1468 - 79 . doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30673-9 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30673-9 .
Shitara K , Özgüroğlu M , Bang YJ , et al . KEYNOTE-061 Investigators. Pembrolizumab versus paclitaxel for previously treated, advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (KEYNOTE-061): a randomised, open-label, controlled, phase 3 trial . Lancet 2018 ; 392 ( 10142 ): 123 - 33 . doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31257-1 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31257-1 .
Kato K , Cho BC , Takahashi M , et al . Nivolumab versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma refractory or intolerant to previous chemotherapy (ATTRACTION-3): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial . Lancet Oncol 2019 ; 20 ( 11 ): 1506 - 17 . doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30626-6 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30626-6 .
Wu YL , Lu S , Cheng Y , et al . Nivolumab versus docetaxel in a predominantly Chinese patient population with previously treated advanced NSCLC: CheckMate 078 randomized phase III clinical trial . J Thorac Oncol 2019 ; 14 ( 5 ): 867 - 75 . doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.01.006 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2019.01.006 . https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1556086419300206 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1556086419300206
Cohen EEW , Soulières D , Le Tourneau C , et al . KEYNOTE-040 Investigators. Pembrolizumab versus methotrexate, docetaxel, or cetuximab for recurrent or metastatic head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (KEYNOTE-040): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study . Lancet 2019 ; 393 ( 10167 ): 156 - 67 . doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31999-8 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31999-8 .
Mok TSK , Wu YL , Kudaba I , et al . KEYNOTE-042 Investigators. Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for previously untreated, PD-L1-expressing, locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (KEYNOTE-042): a randomised, open-label, controlled, phase 3 trial . Lancet 2019 ; 393 ( 10183 ): 1819 - 30 . doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32409-7 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32409-7 .
Powles T , van der Heijden MS , Castellano D , et al . DANUBE study investigators. Durvalumab alone and durvalumab plus tremelimumab versus chemotherapy in previously untreated patients with unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (DANUBE): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 trial . Lancet Oncol 2020 ; 21 ( 12 ): 1574 - 88 . doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30541-6 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30541-6 .
Shitara K , Van Cutsem E , Bang YJ , et al . Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab or pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone for patients with first-line, advanced gastric cancer: the KEYNOTE-062 Phase 3 randomized clinical trial . JAMA Oncol 2020 ; 6 ( 10 ): 1571 - 80 . doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.3370 https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.3370 . https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2769922 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2769922
Rizvi NA , Cho BC , Reinmuth N , et al . MYSTIC Investigators. Durvalumab with or without tremelimumab vs standard chemotherapy in first-line treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: The MYSTIC Phase 3 randomized clinical trial . JAMA Oncol 2020 ; 6 ( 5 ): 661 - 74 . doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.0237 https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.0237 . https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2763864 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2763864
Atchley WT , Alvarez C , Saxena-Beem S , et al . Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis in lung cancer: real-world incidence, risk factors, and management practices across six health care centers in north carolina . Chest 2021 ; 160 ( 2 ): 731 - 42 . doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.02.032 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2021.02.032 . https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012369221003408 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012369221003408
Balaji A , Hsu M , Lin CT , et al . Steroid-refractory PD-(L)1 pneumonitis: incidence, clinical features, treatment, and outcomes . J Immunother Cancer 2021 ; 9 ( 1 ): e001731 . doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001731 https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-001731 . https://jitc.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/jitc-2020-001731 https://jitc.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/jitc-2020-001731
Sears CR , Peikert T , Possick JD , et al . Knowledge gaps and research priorities in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis. An official American thoracic society research statement . Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019 ; 200 ( 6 ): e31 - e43 . doi: 10.1164/rccm.201906-1202ST https://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201906-1202ST . https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1164/rccm.201906-1202ST https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1164/rccm.201906-1202ST
Chorath K , Hoang A , Rajasekaran K , et al . Association of early vs late tracheostomy placement with pneumonia and ventilator days in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis . JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021 ; 147 ( 5 ): 450 - 9 . doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2021.0025 https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2021.0025 . https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2777173 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2777173
Deng H , Fang Q , Chen K , et al . Early versus late tracheotomy in ICU patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials . Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 ; 100 ( 3 ): e24329 . doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000024329 https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000024329 . https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/MD.0000000000024329 https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/MD.0000000000024329
Saffle JR , Morris SE , Edelman L . Early tracheostomy does not improve outcome in burn patients . J Burn Care Rehabil 2002 ; 23 ( 6 ): 431 - 8 . doi: 10.1097/00004630-200211000-00009 https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004630-200211000-00009 .
Rumbak MJ , Newton M , Truncale T , et al . A prospective, randomized, study comparing early percutaneous dilational tracheotomy to prolonged translaryngeal intubation (delayed tracheotomy) in critically ill medical patients . Crit Care Med 2004 ; 32 ( 8 ): 1689 - 94 . doi: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000134835.05161.b6 https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000134835.05161.b6 .
Bouderka MA , Fakhir B , Bouaggad A , et al . Early tracheostomy versus prolonged endotracheal intubation in severe head injury . J Trauma 2004 ; 57 ( 2 ): 251 - 4 . doi: 10.1097/01.ta.0000087646.68382.9a https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ta.0000087646.68382.9a . http://journals.lww.com/00005373-200408000-00008 http://journals.lww.com/00005373-200408000-00008
Barquist ES , Amortegui J , Hallal A , et al . Tracheostomy in ventilator dependent trauma patients: a prospective, randomized intention-to-treat study . J Trauma 2006 ; 60 ( 1 ): 91 - 7 . doi: 10.1097/01.ta.0000196743.37261.3f https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ta.0000196743.37261.3f . http://journals.lww.com/00005373-200601000-00013 http://journals.lww.com/00005373-200601000-00013
Blot F , Similowski T , Trouillet JL , et al . Early tracheotomy versus prolonged endotracheal intubation in unselected severely ill ICU patients . Intensive Care Med 2008 ; 34 ( 10 ): 1779 - 87 . doi: 10.1007/s00134-008-1195-4 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-008-1195-4 . http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00134-008-1195-4 http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00134-008-1195-4
Terragni PP , Antonelli M , Fumagalli R , et al . Early vs late tracheotomy for prevention of pneumonia in mechanically ventilated adult ICU patients: a randomized controlled trial . JAMA 2010 ; 303 ( 15 ): 1483 - 9 . doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.447 https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.447 .
Trouillet JL , Luyt CE , Guiguet M , et al . Early percutaneous tracheotomy versus prolonged intubation of mechanically ventilated patients after cardiac surgery: a randomized trial . Ann Intern Med 2011 ; 154 ( 6 ): 373 - 83 . doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-154-6-201103150-00002 https://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-154-6-201103150-00002 .
Koch T , Hecker B , Hecker A , et al . Early tracheostomy decreases ventilation time but has no impact on mortality of intensive care patients: a randomized study . Langenbecks Arch Surg 2012 ; 397 ( 6 ): 1001 - 8 . doi: 10.1007/s00423-011-0873-9 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00423-011-0873-9 . http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00423-011-0873-9 http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00423-011-0873-9
Zheng Y , Sui F , Chen XK , et al . Early versus late percutaneous dilational tracheostomy in critically ill patients anticipated requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation . Chin Med J (Engl) 2012 ; 125 ( 11 ): 1925 - 30 .
Young D , Harrison DA , Cuthbertson BH , et al . TracMan Collaborators. Effect of early vs late tracheostomy placement on survival in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: the TracMan randomized trial . JAMA 2013 ; 309 ( 20 ): 2121 - 9 . doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.5154 https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.5154 . http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2013.5154 http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2013.5154
Bösel J , Schiller P , Hook Y , et al . Stroke-related early tracheostomy versus prolonged orotracheal intubation in neurocritical care trial (SETPOINT): a randomized pilot trial . Stroke 2013 ; 44 ( 1 ): 21 - 8 . doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.669895 https://dx.doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.669895 .
Diaz-Prieto A , Mateu A , Gorriz M , et al . A randomized clinical trial for the timing of tracheotomy in critically ill patients: factors precluding inclusion in a single center study . Crit Care 2014 ; 18 ( 5 ): 585 . doi: 10.1186/s13054-014-0585-y https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13054-014-0585-y . http://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13054-014-0585-y http://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13054-014-0585-y
Dunham CM , Cutrona AF , Gruber BS , et al . Early tracheostomy in severe traumatic brain injury: evidence for decreased mechanical ventilation and increased hospital mortality . Int J Burns Trauma 2014 ; 4 ( 1 ): 14 - 24 .
Karlovíc Z , Vladic D , Peric M , et al . The impact of early percutaneous tracheotomy on reduction of the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia andthe course and outcome of ICU patients . Signa Vitae 2018 ; 14 ( 1 ): 75 - 80 . doi: 10.22514/SV141.052018.13 https://dx.doi.org/10.22514/SV141.052018.13
Oczkowski S , Ergan B , Bos L , et al . ERS clinical practice guidelines: high-flow nasal cannula in acute respiratory failure . Eur Respir J 2022 ; 59 ( 4 ): 2101574 . doi: 10.1183/13993003.01574-2021 https://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01574-2021 . http://erj.ersjournals.com/lookup/doi/10.1183/13993003.01574-2021 http://erj.ersjournals.com/lookup/doi/10.1183/13993003.01574-2021
Hilbert G , Gruson D , Vargas F , et al . Noninvasive ventilation in immunosuppressed patients with pulmonary infiltrates, fever, and acute respiratory failure . N Engl J Med 2001 ; 44 ( 7 ): 481 - 7 . doi: 10.1056/NEJM200102153440703 https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200102153440703 .
Lemiale V , Mokart D , Resche-Rigon M , et al . Groupe de Recherche en Réanimation Respiratoire du patient d’Onco-Hématologie (GRRR-OH). Effect of noninvasive ventilation vs oxygen therapy on mortality among immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure: a randomized clinical trial . JAMA 2015 ; 14 ( 16 ): 1711 - 9 . doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.12402 https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.12402 .
Lemiale V , Mokart D , Mayaux J , et al . The effects of a 2-h trial of high-flow oxygen by nasal cannula versus Venturi mask in immunocompromised patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure: a multicenter randomized trial . Crit Care 2015 ; 19 : 380 . doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-1097-0 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13054-015-1097-0 . https://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13054-015-1097-0 https://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13054-015-1097-0
Azoulay E , Lemiale V , Mokart D , et al . Effect of high-flow nasal oxygen vs standard oxygen on 28-day mortality in immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure: the HIGH randomized clinical trial . JAMA 2018 ; 320 ( 20 ): 2099 - 107 . doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.14282 https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.14282 .
Mokart D , Geay C , Chow-Chine L , et al . High-flow oxygen therapy in cancer patients with acute respiratory failure . Intensive Care Med 2015 ; 1 ( 11 ): 2008 - 10 . doi: 10.1007/s00134-015-3994-8 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-015-3994-8 .
Frat JP , Ragot S , Girault C , et al . REVA network. Effect of non-invasive oxygenation strategies in immunocompromised patients with severe acute respiratory failure: a post-hoc analysis of a randomised trial . Lancet Respir Med 2016 ; 4 ( 8 ): 646 - 52 . doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(16)30093-5 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(16)30093-5 . https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2213260016300935 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2213260016300935
Judickas Š , Stasiūnaitis R , Žučenka A , et al . Outcomes and risk factors of critically ill patients with hematological malignancy. Prospective single-centre observational study . Medicina (Kaunas) 2021 ; 57 ( 12 ): 1317 . doi: 10.3390/medicina57121317 https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57121317 .
Darmon M , Thiery G , Ciroldi M , et al . Intensive care in patients with newly diagnosed malignancies and a need for cancer chemotherapy . Crit Care Med 2005 ; 33 ( 11 ): 2488 - 93 . doi: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000181728.13354.0a https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000181728.13354.0a .
Benoit DD , Depuydt PO , Vandewoude KH , et al . Outcome in severely ill patients with hematological malignancies who received intravenous chemotherapy in the intensive care unit . Intensive Care Med 2006 ; 32 ( 1 ): 93 - 9 . doi: 10.1007/s00134-005-2836-5 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-005-2836-5 . http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00134-005-2836-5 http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00134-005-2836-5
Song JU , Suh GY , Chung MP , et al . Risk factors to predict outcome in critically ill cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in the intensive care unit . Support Care Cancer 2011 ; 19 ( 4 ): 491 - 5 . doi: 10.1007/s00520-010-0841-x https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-010-0841-x . http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00520-010-0841-x http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00520-010-0841-x
Wohlfarth P , Staudinger T , Sperr WR , et al . Arbeitsgruppe für hämato-onkologische Intensivmedizin der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Internistische und Allgemeine Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin (ÖGIAIN). Prognostic factors, long-term survival, and outcome of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in the intensive care unit . Ann Hematol 2014 ; 93 ( 10 ): 1629 - 36 . doi: 10.1007/s00277-014-2141-x https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00277-014-2141-x .
Kerrigan K , Shoben A , Otterson G . Treatment of lung cancer patients with actionable mutations in the intensive care unit . Clin Lung Cancer 2016 ; 17 ( 6 ): 523 - 7 . doi: 10.1016/j.cllc.2016.04.004 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cllc.2016.04.004 .
Zerbib Y , Rabbat A , Fartoukh M , et al . Groupe de Recherche sur la Réanimation Respiratoire en Onco-Hématologie (GRRR-OH). Urgent chemotherapy for life-threatening complications related to solid neoplasms . Crit Care Med 2017 ; 45 ( 7 ): e640 - e648 . doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002331 https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000002331 . https://journals.lww.com/00003246-201707000-00033 https://journals.lww.com/00003246-201707000-00033
Barth C , Soares M , Toffart AC , et al . Lung Cancer in Critical Care (LUCCA) Study Investigators. Characteristics and outcome of patients with newly diagnosed advanced or metastatic lung cancer admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) . Ann Intensive Care 2018 ; 8 ( 1 ): 80 . doi: 10.1186/s13613-018-0426-2 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13613-018-0426-2 .
Pastores SM , Goldman DA , Shaz DJ , et al . Characteristics and outcomes of patients with hematologic malignancies receiving chemotherapy in the intensive care unit . Cancer 2018 ; 124 ( 14 ): 3025 - 36 . doi: 10.1002/cncr.31409 https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.31409 .
Cherruault M , Le Goff M , Tamburini J , et al . Urgent chemotherapy in sepsis-like shock related to hematologic malignancies . Crit Care Med 2018 ; 46 ( 5 ): e465 - e468 . doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002990 https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000002990 . https://journals.lww.com/00003246-201805000-00051 https://journals.lww.com/00003246-201805000-00051
Kanji S , MacLean E , Rashid FJ , et al . Chemotherapy in the intensive care unit: an evaluation of context and outcomes . Can J Hosp Pharm 2020 ; 73 ( 4 ): 279 - 87 .
Nasser A , Hartwick M , Kyeremanteng K , et al . Chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer in the intensive care unit . Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021 ; 26 : 100294 . doi: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2020.100294 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctarc.2020.100294 .
Lee IH , Yang CY , Shih JY , et al . Tyrosine kinase inhibitors improved survival of critically ill EGFR-mutant lung cancer patients undergoing mechanical ventilation . Biomedicines 2021 ; 9 ( 10 ): 1416 . doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9101416 https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9101416 . https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/10/1416 https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/10/1416
Tandjaoui-Lambiotte Y , Akrour Y , Gibelin A , et al . Tyrosine kinase inhibitors for acute respiratory failure because of non-small-cell lung cancer involvement in the ICU . Chest 2022 ; 161 ( 1 ): 284 - 7 . doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.06.079 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2021.06.079 . https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012369221013581 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012369221013581
Moors I , Pène F , Lengline É , et al . Urgent chemotherapy in hematological patients in the ICU . Curr Opin Crit Care 2015 ; 559 - 68 . doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000254 https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MCC.0000000000000254 .
Yan P , Hao QX , Song LC , et al . The value of microbiology rapid on-site evaluation of sepsis caused by pulmonary infection . Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023 ; 27 ( 12 ): 5862 - 8 . doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202306_32825 https://dx.doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202306_32825 .
Grasselli G , Calfee CS , Camporota L , et al . European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Taskforce on ARDS. ESICM guidelines on acute respiratory distress syndrome: definition, phenotyping and respiratory support strategies . Intensive Care Med 2023 ; 49 ( 7 ): 727 - 59 . doi: 10.1007/s00134-023-07050-7 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-023-07050-7 .
Yang L , Li B , Xu Y , et al . Pneumonitis with combined immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis . Future Oncol 2023 ; 19 ( 16 ): 1151 - 60 . doi: 10.2217/fon-2022-1274 https://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fon-2022-1274 . https://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/10.2217/fon-2022-1274 https://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/10.2217/fon-2022-1274
Bhasarkar A , Dolma K . Utility of early tracheostomy in critically ill Covid-19 patients: a systematic review . Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023 ; 75 ( 3 ): 1 - 11 . doi: 10.1007/s12070-022-03280-1 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12070-022-03280-1 .
Fujishima S . Guideline-based management of acute respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome . J Intensive Care 2023 ; 11 ( 1 ): 10 . doi: 10.1186/s40560-023-00658-3 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40560-023-00658-3 .
Bernard J , Vacheron CH , Vantard N , et al . Outcome and factors associated with mortality in patients receiving urgent chemotherapy in the ICU: a retrospective study . J Crit Care 2023 ; 78 : 154399 . doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2023.154399 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2023.154399 . https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S088394412300148X https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S088394412300148X
关联资源
相关文章
相关作者
相关机构
- © 2024 中国医学科学院 京ICP备09064830号-19
京公网安备11010802024621 - 本系统建议在Chrome、 IE9+ 以上版本浏览器阅读本站内容，360浏览器请切换至极速模式
- Cookies帮助我们提供服务并提供个性化体验。使用本网站，即表示您同意我们使用Cookies