Chinese Medical Sciences Journal ›› 2023, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 218-227.doi: 10.24920/004214
基于数据挖掘的中医治疗疟疾用药规律分析
郭文龙1,*(
),姜惠娟1,李彦荣2,杨金龙1
- 1甘肃中医药大学 理科教学部定西市743000，甘肃省，中国
2甘肃中医药大学 医学教学部，定西市743000，甘肃省，中国
-
收稿日期:2023-02-13接受日期:2023-06-06出版日期:2023-09-30发布日期:2023-06-28 -
通讯作者:* 郭文龙,E-mail:dxszgwl@163.com 。
Analysis of Medication Rules of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Malaria Treatment Based on Data Mining
Wen-Long Guo1,*(),Hui-Juan Jiang1,Yan-Rong Li2,Jin-Long Yang1
- 1Science Teaching Department, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Dingxi 743000, Gansu Province, China
2Medical Teaching Department, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Dingxi 743000, Gansu Province, China
-
Received:2023-02-13Accepted:2023-06-06Published:2023-09-30Online:2023-06-28 -
Contact:* E-mail:dxszgwl@163.com .
摘要：
目的 挖掘中医治疗疟疾的用药规律。
方法 从中药的性、味、归经、药效等基本属性方面进行统计分析。在药物关联的基础上，构建了中药关联复杂网络。通过聚类分析得到治疗疟疾的核心药物。应用Apriori算法对核心药物的关联规则进行分析。
结果 357种草药在461首治疗疟疾的处方中共使用3,194次。在药材方面，使用频率最高的依次是甘草、黄连、柴胡、地骨皮等。在药效方面，使用频率最高的依次是补益、解表、清热、理气和化湿类药等。在药性方面，使用频率最高的依次是温、平、寒等。在药味方面，使用频率最高的是辛、苦、甘等。在归经方面，使用频率最高的依次是脾、肺、胃等。聚类分析得到甘草、半夏、柴胡、常山等核心药物61味。应用Apriori关联规则分析，得到12条二项规则（药对）和6条三项规则（药物组合），其中柴胡和黄芩是治疗疟疾的核心药对。
结论 柴胡和黄芩是治疗疟疾的核心药对，该药对与白术组合，可用于治疗温疟和寒疟；与陈皮或地黄组合，可用于治疗瘴疟；与人参、当归组合，可用于治疗劳疟；与鳖甲组合，可用于治疗疟母。
引用本文
Wen-Long Guo, Hui-Juan Jiang, Yan-Rong Li, Jin-Long Yang. Analysis of Medication Rules of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Malaria Treatment Based on Data Mining[J].Chinese Medical Sciences Journal, 2023, 38(3): 218-227.
"
| Medicine name | Chinese name | Frequency/times |
|---|---|---|
| Radix Glycyrrhizae | Gan cao (甘草) | 200 |
| Rhizoma Pinelliae | Ban xia (半夏) | 100 |
| Radix Bupleuri | Chai hu (柴胡) | 99 |
| Radix Dichroae | Chang shan (常山) | 99 |
| Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae | Chen pi (陈皮) | 94 |
| Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis | Hou po (厚朴) | 77 |
| Poria | Fu ling (茯苓) | 69 |
| Ginseng | Ren shen (人参) | 67 |
| Fructus Tsaoko | Cao guo (草果) | 64 |
| Radix Scutellariae | Huang qin (黄芩) | 63 |
| Rhizoma Atractylodis | Cang zhu (苍术) | 57 |
| Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae | Bai zhu (白术) | 57 |
| Cinnabaris | Zhu sha (朱砂) | 56 |
| Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride | Qing pi (青皮) | 55 |
| Semen Arecae | Bing lang (槟榔) | 55 |
| Cortex Cinnamomi | Rou gui (肉桂) | 51 |
| Rhizoma Anemarrhenae | Zhi mu (知母) | 48 |
| Radix Angelicae Sinensis | Dang gui (当归) | 47 |
| Fructus Mume | Wu mei (乌梅) | 46 |
| Realgar | Xiong huang (雄黄) | 41 |
| Rhizoma Chuanxiong | Chuan xiong (川芎) | 41 |
| Carapax Trionycis | Bie jia (鳖甲) | 37 |
| Cablin Potchouli | Huo xiang (藿香) | 36 |
| Radix Aucklandiae | Mu xiang (木香) | 36 |
| Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei | Da huang (大黄) | 30 |
| Radix Paeoniae Alba | Bai shao (白芍) | 30 |
| Moschus | She xiang (麝香) | 29 |
| Rhizoma Cimicifugae | Sheng ma (升麻) | 29 |
| Dried ginger | Gan jiang (干姜) | 28 |
| Folium Perillae | Zi su ye (紫苏叶) | 26 |
| Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata | Fu zi (附子) | 26 |
| Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens | Sheng jiang (生姜) | 26 |
| Fructus Aurantii | Zhi ke (枳壳) | 25 |
| Rhizoma Et Radix Notopterygii | Qiang huo (羌活) | 25 |
| Arsenic | Pi shuang (砒霜) | 24 |
| Chinese date | Da zao (大枣) | 24 |
| Arsenlite | Pi shi (砒石) | 23 |
| Fructus Crotonis | Ba dou (巴豆) | 23 |
| Semen Persicae | Tao ren (桃仁) | 22 |
| Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae | Bei mu (贝母) | 20 |
"
| Therapeutic methods | Chinese term | Number of herbs | Therapeutic methods, n(%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Supplementing | Bu xu (补虚) | 43 | 572(17.91) |
| Exterior-releasing | Jie biao (解表) | 26 | 373(11.68) |
| Heat-clearing | Qing re (清热) | 44 | 296(9.27) |
| Qi-rectifying | Li qi (理气) | 15 | 271(8.48) |
| Dampness-resolving | Hua shi (化湿) | 9 | 258(8.08) |
| Blood-invigorating and stasis-dissolving | Huo xue hua yu (活血化瘀) | 29 | 176(5.51) |
| Phlegm-dissolving and cough-panting-relieving | Hua tan zhi ke (化痰止咳) | 13 | 171(5.35) |
| Interior-warming | Wen li (温里) | 12 | 147(4.60) |
| Urination-promoting and dampness-percolating | Li shui qu shi (利水祛湿) | 20 | 125(3.91) |
| Emetic | Yong tu (涌吐) | 3 | 114(3.57) |
| Poison-attacking, insect-killing, and antipruritic | Gong du sha chong zhi yang (攻毒杀虫止痒) | 17 | 106(3.32) |
| Mind-calming | An shen (安神) | 15 | 86(2.69) |
| Purgative | Xie xia (泻下) | 13 | 83(2.60) |
| Detoxifying and muscle-activating | Ba du sheng ji (拔毒生肌) | 14 | 69(2.16) |
| Digestant | Xiao shi (消食) | 10 | 61(1.91) |
| Worm-expelling | Qu chong (驱虫) | 3 | 58(1.82) |
| Astringent | Shou se (收涩) | 5 | 57(1.78) |
| Wind-dampness- expelling | Qu feng shi (祛风湿) | 18 | 48(1.50) |
| Resuscitative | Kai qiao (开窍) | 5 | 45(1.41) |
| Liver-calming and wind-extinguishing | Ping gan xi feng (平肝息风) | 13 | 33(1.03) |
| Bleeding-stanching | Zhi xue (止血) | 9 | 14(0.44) |
| Others | 21 | 31(0.97) | |
| Total | 357 | 3194(100) |
"
| Property | Number of herbs | Flavor | Number of herbs | Meridian tropism | Number of herbs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Warm | 100 (34) | Pungent | 135 (30) | Liver | 116 (21) |
| Natural | 62 (21) | Sweet | 114 (25) | Lung | 93 (17) |
| Cold | 54 (19) | Bitter | 109 (24) | Heart | 75 (13) |
| Slightly cold | 25 (9) | Salty | 36 (8) | Kidney | 67 (12) |
| Cool | 21 (7) | Sour | 25 (5) | Stomach | 67 (12) |
| Slightly warm | 14 (5) | Light | 12 (3) | Spleen | 63 (11) |
| Hot | 9 (3) | Slightly bitter | 11 (2) | Large intestine | 41 (7) |
| Extremely hot | 3 (1) | Astringent | 8 (2) | Bladder | 24 (4) |
| Extremely cold | 2 (1) | Slightly sweet | 5 (1) | Small intestine | 8 (1) |
| Extremely warm | 1 (0) | Sanjiao | 3 (1) | ||
| Total | 277 | 455 (100) | 557 (100) |
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"
"
| Cluster | Score (Density*#Nodes) | Nodes | Edges | Seed node |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 45.000 | 59 | 1417 | Ginseng (人参) |
| 2 | 9.033 | 61 | 277 | Resina Ferulae(阿魏) |
| 3 | 8.581 | 32 | 134 | Carapax Trionycis(鳖甲) |
| 4 | 8.579 | 39 | 173 | Radix Clematidis(威灵仙) |
"
| ID | Herb name | ID | Herb name |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Radix Glycyrrhizae (甘草) | 32 | Radix Angelicae Dahuricae (白芷) |
| 2 | Cinnabaris (朱砂) | 33 | Fructus Mume (乌梅) |
| 3 | Rhinoceros Unicornis L (犀角) | 34 | Cablin Potchouli (藿香) |
| 4 | Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (陈皮) | 35 | Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata (附子) |
| 5 | Rhizoma Pinelliae (半夏) | 36 | Flos Caryophylli (丁香) |
| 6 | Radix Aucklandiae (木香) | 37 | Rhizoma Cyperi (香附) |
| 7 | Radix Bupleuri (柴胡) | 38 | Radix Puerariae (葛根) |
| 8 | Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei (大黄) | 39 | Talcun |
| 9 | Cortex Cinnamomi (肉桂) | 40 | Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens (生姜) |
| 10 | Radix Scutellariae (黄芩) | 41 | Semen Persicae (桃仁) |
| 11 | Radix Dichroae (常山) | 42 | Radix Ophiopogonis (麦冬) |
| 12 | Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis (厚朴) | 43 | Radix Astragali (黄芪) |
| 13 | Radix Angelicae Sinensis (当归) | 44 | Folium Perillae (紫苏叶) |
| 14 | Ginseng (人参) | 45 | Radix Saposhnikoviae (防风) |
| 15 | Rhizoma Atractylodis (苍术) | 46 | Medicated Leaven (神曲) |
| 16 | Poria (茯苓) | 47 | Rhizoma Coptidis (黄连) |
| 17 | Moschus (麝香) | 48 | Herba Ephedrae (麻黄) |
| 18 | Carapax Trionycis (鳖甲) | 49 | Rhizoma Curcumae (莪术) |
| 19 | Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride (青皮) | 50 | Chinese date (大枣) |
| 20 | Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (白术) | 51 | Cortex Moutan (丹皮) |
| 21 | Rhizoma Et Radix Notopterygii (羌活) | 52 | Bitter Apricot seed (杏仁) |
| 22 | Rhizoma Chuanxiong (川芎) | 53 | Fermented soya beans (豉) |
| 23 | Realgar (雄黄) | 54 | Cassia Twig (桂枝) |
| 24 | Semen Arecae (槟榔) | 55 | Gypsum Fibrosum (石膏) |
| 25 | Rhizoma Cimicifugae (升麻) | 56 | Akebia Stem (木桶) |
| 26 | Frankincense (乳香) | 57 | Common Burreed Rhizome (三棱) |
| 27 | Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (知母) | 58 | Herba Artemisiae Annuae (青蒿) |
| 28 | Radix Paeoniae Alba (白芍) | 59 | Linderae Radix (乌药) |
| 29 | Dried ginger (干姜) | 60 | Maire Sophora (黑豆) |
| 30 | Fructus Aurantii (枳壳) | 61 | Bomeolum Syntheticum (冰片) |
| 31 | Fructus Tsaoko (草果) |
"
"
| Intersection | Count | Items |
|---|---|---|
| Labour malaria, cold malaria, miasmic malaria, and warm malaria | 37 | Fructus Mume (乌梅), Rhizoma Chuanxiong (川芎), Rhizoma Atractylodis (苍术), Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis (厚朴), Fructus Tsaoko (草果), Radix Dichroae (常山), Radix Bupleuri (柴胡), Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii (羌活), Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens (生姜), Herba Ephedrae (麻黄), Rhizoma Cimicifugae (升麻), Cassia Twig (桂枝), Radix Scutellariae (黄芩), Herba Artemisiae Annuae (青蒿), Cortex Cinnamomi (肉桂), dried ginger (干姜), Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata (附子), Rhizoma Pinelliae (半夏), Radix Platycodonis (桔梗), Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae (贝母), Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei (大黄), Radix Aucklandiae (木香), Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride (青皮), Radix Angelicae Sinensis (当归), ginseng (人参), Radix Glycyrrhizae (甘草), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (白术), Radix Paeoniae Alba (白芍), Chinese date (大枣), Radix Astragali (黄芪), Radix Ophiopogonis (麦冬), Radix Rehmanniae Preparata (熟地黄), poria (茯苓), Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae (秦艽), and Semen Arecae (槟榔) |
| Cold malaria and miasmic malaria | 3 | Cablin Potchouli (藿香), Fructus Amomi (砂仁), and Rhizoma Cyperi (香附) |
| Cold malaria, miasmic malaria, and warm malaria | 5 | Radix Puerariae (葛根), Radix Angelicae Dahuricae (白芷), Folium Perillae (紫苏叶), Radix Saposhnikoviae (防风), and Rhizoma Coptidis (黄连) |
| Labour malaria, cold malaria, and miasmic malaria | 1 | Radix Peucedani (前胡) |
| Miasmic malaria and warm malaria | 1 | Herba Asari (细辛) |
| Miasmic malaria | 1 | Herba Menthae (薄荷) |
| Malaria with splenomegaly | 12 | Flos Caryophylli (丁香), Rhizoma Curcumae (莪术), Fructus Foeniculi (小茴香), Medicated Leaven (神曲), Exocarpium Citri Rubrum (橘红), Radix Angelicae Pubescentis (独活), Fructus Aurantii Immaturus (枳实), Cinnabaris (朱砂), Carapax Trionycis (鳖甲), Cortex Moutan (丹皮), Fructus Crataegi (山楂), and Concha Ostreae (牡蛎) |
"
"
| ID | From | To | Support | Confidence | Lift | Count |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Radix Scutellariae (黄芩) | Radix Bupleuri (柴胡) | 0.11 | 0.81 | 3.77 | 51 |
| 2 | Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis (厚朴) | Radix Glycyrrhizae (甘草) | 0.15 | 0.86 | 1.98 | 67 |
| 3 | Poria | Radix Glycyrrhizae (甘草) | 0.13 | 0.86 | 1.97 | 59 |
| 4 | Rhizoma Chuanxiong (川芎) | Radix Glycyrrhizae (甘草) | 0.08 | 0.85 | 1.97 | 35 |
| 5 | Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (白术) | Radix Glycyrrhizae (甘草) | 0.1 | 0.81 | 1.86 | 46 |
| 6 | Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (陈皮) | Radix Glycyrrhizae (甘草) | 0.16 | 0.8 | 1.84 | 75 |
| 7 | Radix Scutellariae (黄芩) | Radix Glycyrrhizae (甘草) | 0.11 | 0.79 | 1.83 | 50 |
| 8 | Radix Bupleuri (柴胡) | Radix Glycyrrhizae (甘草) | 0.17 | 0.78 | 1.79 | 77 |
| 9 | Rhizoma Atractylodis (苍术) | Radix Glycyrrhizae (甘草) | 0.1 | 0.77 | 1.78 | 44 |
| 10 | Ginseng (人参) | Radix Glycyrrhizae (甘草) | 0.11 | 0.73 | 1.69 | 49 |
| 11 | Fructus Tsaoko (草果) | Radix Glycyrrhizae (甘草) | 0.1 | 0.72 | 1.66 | 46 |
| 12 | Rhizoma Pinelliae (半夏) | Radix Glycyrrhizae (甘草) | 0.15 | 0.71 | 1.64 | 71 |
"
| ID | From | To | Support | Confidence | Lift | Count |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Radix Glycyrrhizae (甘草), Radix Scutellariae (黄芩) | Radix Bupleuri (柴胡) | 0.09 | 0.84 | 3.91 | 42 |
| 2 | Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis (厚朴), Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (陈皮) | Radix Glycyrrhizae (甘草) | 0.09 | 0.89 | 2.05 | 40 |
| 3 | Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis (厚朴), Rhizoma Pinelliae (半夏) | Radix Glycyrrhizae (甘草) | 0.09 | 0.88 | 2.02 | 42 |
| 4 | Pericarpium Citri Reticulataee (陈皮), Rhizoma Pinelliae (半夏) | Radix Glycyrrhizae (甘草) | 0.09 | 0.87 | 2.00 | 40 |
| 5 | Radix Bupleuri (柴胡), Radix Scutellariae (黄芩) | Radix Glycyrrhizae (甘草) | 0.09 | 0.82 | 1.90 | 42 |
| 6 | Radix Bupleuri (柴胡), Rhizoma Pinelliae (半夏) | Radix Glycyrrhizae (甘草) | 0.08 | 0.76 | 1.75 | 38 |
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