Chinese Medical Sciences Journal ›› 2018, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 174-182.doi: 10.24920/21804

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Landscape of PD-1/PD-L1 Regulation and Targeted Immunotherapy

Ni Jieming1, Ni Anping2, *()   

  1. 1 Seven Year Program of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
    2 Department of Clinical Laboratories, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China;
  • Published:2018-09-30 Online:2018-05-28
  • Contact: Ni Anping E-mail:niap@pumch.cn
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a significant immune checkpoint, and the dysfunction of this axis contributes to tumor metastasis and immune escape. The underlying mechanisms provides potential targets for tumor treatment. At present, the combination therapy of PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies plus small molecular inhibitors has achieved good outcomes in tumor treatment.

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a significant immune checkpoint, and the dysfunction of this axis contributes to tumor metastasis and immune escape. PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK signal network induces PD-1/PD-L1 expression and facilitates tumor progression. Transcriptional factors such as hypoxia induced factors, PTEN, p53, CDK5, BRD4, STAT modulate PD-1/PD-L1 expression. PD-1/PD-L1 level is also regulated via epigenetic and post-translational manner. The underlying mechanisms mentioned above may provide potential targets for tumor treatment. At present, the combination therapy of PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies plus small molecular inhibitors has achieved good outcomes in tumor treatment.

Key words: programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death ligand 1, immunotherapy, regulation, clinical trial, inhibitors

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